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THE
COLEOPTERISTS MANUAL,
PART THE SECOND,
CONTAINING THE
PREDACEOUS LAND AND WATER
BEETLES
LINNEUS AND FABRICIUS.
REV. F. W. HOPE, M.A. F.R.S. F.L.S. F.Z.S,
ETC. ETC.
LONDON:
HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
MDCCCXXXVIII.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
Frontispiece. — Manticora latipennis, Waterhouse.
TAB. I.
Fig. 1. — Apteroessa (Hope) grossa, Fabr. 1 a, Iabrum; 1 b, inaudible ;
1 c, maxilla; 1 d, labium.
Fig. 2. — Calochroa crucigera, Hope.
Fig. 3. — Oxycheila bisignata, Guerin. (O. binotata, Zaporte, nee Gray.)
Fig. 4. — Eurymorpha cyauipes, Hope. 4 a, Iabrum ; 4 &, maxilla ;
4 c, labium.
Fig. 5. — Macrocheilus Bensoni, Kir by. 5 a, underside of tbe head.
Fig. 6. — Plochionus Bonsfilsii. 6 a, Iabrum and mandibles ; 6 b, maxilla;
6 c, labium; 6 d, anterior tarsus.
TAB. II.
Comprising Carabideous genera, described in the Annulosa Javanica.
Fig. 1. — Dirotus subirideseens, MacLeay. 1 a, front of head above ; 1 b,
maxilla; 1 e, labium; 1 d, trochanter and femur; 1 e, extre-
mity of tarsi.
Fig. 2. — Gnathaphanus vulneripennis, MacLeay. 2 a, front of head above;
2 b, maxillary palpus ; 2 c, mentum ; 2 d, labial palpus.
Fig. 3. — Hypharpax lateralis, MacLeay. 3 a, Iabrum and mandibles; 3 b>
maxilla ; 3 c, mentum ; 3 d, labial palpus ; 3 e, one of the
four anterior tarsi.
Fig. 4. — Dioryche torta, MacLeay. 4 a, Iabrum and mandibles ; 4 b, max-
illa; 4 c, labium; 4 d, basal joints of anterior tarsi beneath.
Fig. 5. — Hyphsereon reflexus, MacLeay. 5 a, head above ; 5 b, maxillary
palpus : 5 c, mentum and labial palpus.
Fig. 6. — Cselostomus picipes, MacLeay. 6 a, head above ; 6 b, maxilla ;
6 c, mentum ; 6 d, anterior tarsus.
TAB. III.
-Craspedophorus (Hope) reflexus, Fabricius. 1 a, Iabrum and
mandibles ; 1 b, mentum and labium.
-Catascopus Withillii, Hope. 2 a, Iabrum ; 2 b, mandible ; 2 c,
maxilla; 2 d, labium.
-Platysma striatulus, Fabricius. 3 a, Iabrum; 3 b, mandibles;
3 c, maxilla ; 3 d, labium.
-Pachymorpha orientalis. Hope.
-Hyderodes Shuckardi, Hope, o a, anterior tarsus; 5 b, interme-
diate tarsus ; 5 c, posterior tarsus.
Fig. 6.- — Globaria Leachii, Latreille. 6 a, Insect seen sideways ; 6 b,
Iabrum ; 6 c, mandible ; 6 d, maxilla ; 6 e, labium ; Qf, an-
tenna; 6 g, fore leg; 6 h, anterior tarsus; f6 i, posterior
tarsus.
Fig.
1.-
Fig.
2.-
Fig.
3.
Fig.
4.-
Fig.
5.-
PREFACE.
From the unexpectedly rapid sale of the first
part of the Manual, I am induced to attempt a
second ; and should the same good fortune attend
the present number as the former, provided health
is given me, I shall be able to complete the re-
mainder of the work at intervals of six months ;
five Fasciculi forming the volume. An application
from my bookseller for a second edition is the cause
of the early appearance of the present part. I
have not acceded to his request, being desirous of
proceeding with the main work. If, however, when
the whole is finished there is still a demand for a
second edition, I shall be disposed to attend
to it. The delay will undoubtedly enhance its
value, as an extensive correspondence with the
leading Entomologists of Europe has already afforded
me valuable information on some Fabrician species
which are imperfectly known ; and I have still
reason to expect further communications from
Berlin, Copenhagen, and Paris. From my friend
VI PREFACE.
Dr. Erichson of Berlin, I have lately received the
offer of the loan of his Manuscripts on Fahrician
Insects, in which are noted down many observations
made during a careful examination of the Copen-
hagen Collections ; for the liberal offers of the
above individual I cannot feel sufficiently thankful,
as the value of the annotations will be appreciated
by all those who happen to know the accuracy of
the work entitled, " Die Kafer der Mark Branden-
burg, beschrieben von Wilh. Fred. Erichson."
Before entering on any remarks relating to the
present number, I think it right to mention two
objections brought against the Manual by some of
my correspondents. They are as follows : first,
" that there are no systematic tables of the family
and genera given ;" and secondly, " too much im-
portance has been given to the Lamellicorns as a
group." With regard to the first objection, I admit
it ; the only cause of the omission was a thorough
conviction that it was utterly impossible to combine
satisfactorily the views of different writers, unless
I created several new genera, and formed almost
an entire new arrangement. Now as such an
arrangement will be attempted by me at a future
period, when more leisure can be bestowed on the
necessary investigation, I pass to the second objec-
PREFACE. Vll
tion, viz. that " too much importance is attributed to
the Lamellicorns as a group." Against this charge
I must beg leave to enter my dissent ; and in reply-
ing to it, I feel compelled, partly in self-defence,
to obtrude my opinions on the modern arrangement
of insects, "if rightly viewed they may probably be
adopted, if wrongly let them fall." Linneus,
Fabricius, and Olivier placed at the head of insects
the Lamellicorns ; most modern writers commence
with the Cicindelidse, or Tiger Beetles, (Euptera of
Kirby). Differing from the latter systematists,
neither am I inclined to side entirely with the
former ; for after a rigid examination into the prin-
ciples of modern classification, I candidly confess
I agree with no one author, as the nervous system,
according to my views, does not appear to have
been sufficiently attended to. If a system of cir-
cular distribution be admitted, we may as well
commence with the Lamellicorns as any other
group. But there are sufficient reasons why the
Lamellicorns should precede Cicindela or Carabus.
It is not merely the simple structure of the stomach,
it is not their vast bulk or strength, (on which little
stress can be laid,) but it is in the important func-
tions they perform, it is in relation to the econo-
mical purposes of the human racs, that they ought
Vlll PREFACE.
to take precedence. They are of greater utility to
man than nearly all other groups, in checking the
over-luxuriance of tropical vegetation ; in reducing
to powder the mightiest monarchs of the forest ;
in purifying the air by burying all that is noxious
and disgusting ; and at the same time they give
fertility to the land, by carrying to the roots of
vegetation the richest of manures. As to numbers,
both of genera and species, they greatly surpass the
Cicindelidse, or even the Carabidse ; and in the
number of individuals of species, they appear among
the most prolific of insects. As examples of utility
of the group in warm climates, we have only to
mention the genera Xylotrupes, Copris, Ontho-
phagus, Melolontha, Euchlora, and Mimela ; while
in colder regions we may mention Geotrupes and
Aphodius. But other writers hold different views ;
and it may be worth while to state their opinions.
The following are the chief reasons assigned for
placing the Cicindelidse first : " There are beetles
of vast bulk and strength, (elephants in the class
of insects,) which are distinguished neither by the
swiftness of their motion, nor by the elegance of
their forms ; others there are, less clumsy indeed
and gigantic, but remarkable for the perfection and
symmetry of their structure, the lightness and velo-
PREFACE. IX
city of their motions, both on the earth and in the
air, and for the splendour and brilliancy of their
colours ; such, with only one or two exceptions, are
the Euptera, or tiger beetles. Among the higher
animals the lion, chief of the predaceous quadrupeds,
is usually accounted the king of beasts ; a similar
reason will justify modern Entomologists for re-
garding the Cicindelidse as the typical and most
perfect form amongst insects (especially Coleoptera),
instead of the Lamellicorns which Linneus has
elevated to that rank."
It will be seen from the above extract, derived
from an able and learned work of the present day,
that the arguments are chiefly drawn from the ex-
ternal organization of insects, viz. the superior de-
velopement either of the manducatory organs, or
from the symmetry and agility of the species, or
from the form as well as the carnivorous habits
of the insects, evincing as it does an approximation
to the classification of the vertebrated classes of
creation. The precedence therefore assigned to
the Cicindelidse in modern arrangements, would
appear to arise from the adoption of the same prin-
ciples which it is asserted induce Naturalists to
place the Feline and Accipitrine tribes at the head
of their respective classes. Had general internal
PREFACE.
organization been added to the above claims in
favour of precedence, I should certainly have, been
disposed to allow more weight to the arguments
adduced. Burmeister, Dufour, and others, have
certainty paid some attention to the internal anatomy
of insects ; but their selection has been of a parti-
cular organ for classification, and not the general
anatomy. The organ selected was the alimentary
canal ; and accordingly as its length varied, being
short in the carnivorous species, and long in the
herbivorous, so they have partly allowed these facts
to operate on classification. The length of the
alimentary canal, however, cannot be decisive of
the habits of an animal, or a vegetable feeder
in the class Insecta ; nor do I think that the
alimentary canal is a proper criterion on which to
found a scientific arrangement, either in the verte-
brated or invertebrated animals ; since, although
the characters derived from it may hold good in
many instances, the exceptions with regard to
Insecta are far too numerous to justify any reliance
upon it. If the alimentary canal be taken as a
leading character, it will place those with the
shortest canal, the true carnivorous animals, above
the omnivorous ; indeed man himself, if the rule is
strictly followed out, will be placed below the feline
PREFACE. XI
tribes ; at all events some of the Quadrumana (that
are entirely vegetable feeders) will be placed below
the lions and tigers. Such an arrangement is not
natural. As to the arguments in favour of the
precedence of Cicindelidse from symmetry of struc-
ture and agility, if any weight could be attached
to them, we should have the antelope and light
gazelle taking precedence of all the vertebrata.
Having thus briefly stated my objections, it will
probably be asked what new system I have to pro-
pose.* Without attempting a new one, I recom-
* In corroboration of the above opinion, I subjoin an extract
from a letter received from the author of the Paper on Sphinx Li-
gustri. Vid. Philosophical Transactions.
'' It has long struck me that the principle on which modern Ento-
mologists have founded their arrangements are quite assumed and
arbitrary, and by no means natural or in accordance with those great
principles upon which comparative anatomists have attempted to
arrange the vertebrated classes of creation. In all the arrangements
of Insects there have appeared to me some true and some false
principles intermixed, and no one great principle has been entirely
followed out when commenced with, but has been interfered with by
the introduction of other principles of secondary or minor importance.
This appears to have arisen from the generality of Entomologists
being little acquainted with the internal structure of Insects and other
Invertebrata, and in consequence they have taken nearly all the cha-
racters employed in their arrangements from the exterior of the
animals; indeed, in almost all instances, external form has been
regarded in the arrangement, and no uniform physiological principle
or reference to internal anatomy has been followed. The nervous
system indeed is almost entirely disregarded." — Newport in litteris.
Xll PREFACE.
mend recurring to one that has been in many
instances departed from. We ought in -every
division of the animal kingdom to look for one
great principle, or basis of arrangement, in a struc-
ture which exists throughout nearly the whole of
the animal creation ; and which structure, both as
regards its anatomical and physiological develope-
ment, becomes gradually of more and more impor-
tance, as we trace it upwards from the lowest beings
in which it exists to the highest. This structure,
I need scarcely remark, is the nervous system ;
but although it constituted the chief character, or
principle followed by Naturalists in the arrange-
ment of the vertebrated animals, it has very singu-
larly been much deviated from by them, and is
rendered of scarcely more than secondary considera-
tion in their arrangements of the Invertebrata.
It is with reference, then, to the comparative
developement of the nervous system that I would
attempt to arrange insects, since I have no doubt,
that when we have become better acquainted with
the forms of their nervous system, the characters
will be found as marked in them as in the Verte-
brata. In following this mode of arrangement it
will be seen, that some of the vegetable feeders will
stand before the carnivorous. Thus the Lamelli-
PREFACE. Xlll
corns may very properly be placed at the head of
the Coleoptera, from which there will be traced a
transition through the Hydradephaga, to the Ne-
crophaga, &c. &c. to the Geodephaga and other
classes. It may be objected by some persons, that
Insects are too minute for such investigations, and
that few will have the courage to undertake the
task of examination. To this objection I reply,
that much has already been done, and much more
may confidently be expected. If we look abroad,
and examine the writings of the Continental authors
on the Invertebrata, we shall find much to admire,
in the elaborate investigations of an Herold and a
Straus Durckheim, much to glean from the works
of a Treviranus, of a Chabrier, a Dufour, and an
Audouin. If we look at home, we cannot but ap-
preciate the labours of an Owen, a Grant, a New-
port, and a Rymer Jones ; and others, I trust, will
yet be found labouring for the same desired end,
the establishment of a uniform and more natural
system of Classification than we at present possess,
a system, perhaps, which Ave never can perfectly
realize, but which may certainly be very much in
advance of that which we now tolerate.
Having above stated my opinions, it is now high
time to allude to the Families which will form
XIV PREFACE.
the subject-matter of this second part of my
Manual.
The group under consideration has been deno-
minated the Adephaga; the first sub-group of
which are the Cicindeloidea, which, according to my
views, consist of four families, the Manticoridse,
the Megacephalidae, Cicindelidse, and Collyridae.
As I am not satisfied with the published arrange-
ment of any one author as a whole, I have, in the
following groups, taken advantage of the labours of
my predecessors, sometimes following one and some-
times another, according as their views coincide
with mine, or where I consider they have more
ably threaded the intricate labyrinths of Nature
than myself.
It should ever be the chief object of writers on
Natural History, to make their groups as conform-
able to nature as possible : human systems ever must
be artificial and imperfect, indeed it is presumptuous
in man to fancy that he can attempt a system uni-
form with nature in all its bearings. How can a
finite being comprehend the wisdom of Omniscience,
or even the exquisite perfection of creation's works,
conceived by a Power that is infinite as well as
incomprehensible .
The author of this Preface hopes that, in the
PREFACE. XV
composition of the Families and Groups, no very
great anomalies will occur. He is aware of the dif-
ficulty of the undertaking, and will undoutedly err
like his predecessors ; many gaps and apparent
omissions will necessarily appear in the grouping
of the Families, deficiencies which future discoveries
will no doubt assist to rectify. To return however
to Groups, I have stated above that the Cicinde-
loidea was the first sub-group of the Adephaga,
which latter has naturally been subdivided into two
groups, the Terrestrial and Aquatic Adephaga ; the
former has received the denomination of Geode-
phaga, and comprehends the Cicindelidous and
Carabideous families : the latter also has been
named by Mr. MacLeay, Hydradephaga, and in-
cludes the Genera Dyticus and Gyrinus of Linneus.
The next important group which follows the Aquatic
Adephaga, has been denominated Rypophaga by
Mr. Stephens (i. e. the Cleansers), from the impor-
tant functions they perform in removing animal and
vegetable putrescence. This group has also been
divided into three minor groups, viz. the Philydrida,
the Necrophaga, and Brachelytra ; preferring the
arrangement of Mr. Stephens, who adopts the two
former, I leave the latter for the termination of the
Coleoptera.
XVI PKEFACL
Before concluding this Preface, I take the oppor-
tunity of publicly thanking Dr. Horsiield for his
liberal views and kindness in forwarding this Ma-
nual. Whilst engaged in grouping the Families of
the ground beetles I was repeatedly at a loss where
to place several of Mr. MacLeay's genera, published
in the Annulosa Javanica ; by Dr. HorsfiehVs ready
attention to my wishes, I was enabled to examine
the rich collection in the India House, and had his
permission to figure those forms which, though pub-
lished, are little known to the Entomologists of the
Continent. Instead, however, of giving the generic
details here, I beg to refer the reader to the above
excellent work. The drawings were made by Mr.
Westwood, and are accurately engraved by Mr.
Swaine. I therefore trust that the plates will not
be the least interesting part of the present num-
ber, as they will tend to clear up manv difficulties,
and give an increased value to the publication.
F. W. H.
Since mv manuscripts were in the printer s hands. Monsieur Aube
has published a volume on Aquatic Coleoptera. Reference should
be made to that work, which is evidentlv a great improvement on
that oi the Baron De Jea 3 Species St bad des Coleoptcv . -
Genus CICINDELA of Linneus.
Cicindelid^e of Leach.
Cicindeloidea of Hope.
Linnean Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
I.
Campestris
England
Cicindela, Linneus.
2.
Hybrida
North Wales
Cicindela, Linneus.
3.
Capensis
P. B. S.
Cicindela, Linneus.
4.
Germanica
Isle of Wight
Cylindera, Westwood.
5.
Virgiuica
Carolina
Tetracha, Westwood.
6.
Carolina
N. America
Tetracha, Westwood.
7.
Equinoctialis
Surinam
Tetracha, Westioood.
8.
Sylvatica
England
Cicindela, Linneus.
9.
Maura
Algiers
Cicindela, Linneus.
10.
ltiparia
England
Elaphrus, Fabriciut.
11.
Flavipes
France
Bembidium, Illiger.
12.
Rupestris
England
Peryphus, Megerle.
13.
4-maculata
Germany
Lopha, Megerle.
11.
Aquatica
England
Nothiophilus, Dumeril.
REMARKS AND ANNOTATIONS
LINNEAN CICINDELID^E.
Species 1. Campestris* — From the foregoing
tables it will appear that only fourteen species
* For an account of various species of Cicindela described by
Swedish writers, I refer the reader to Schonherr's Synonymia Insec-
torum ; to Thunberg's Musaeum Upsaliense, page 51 ; to Forskall's
Travels in Egypt, and to a Memoir published in the Stockholm
Transactions, in 1799, by de Ljunch. Of German writers let him
consult the Magazines of Wiedemann and Germar ; the Symboke
Physicse of Klug ; the Zoologischer Atlas of Eschcholtz, and the
Deutschlands Fauna of Sturm. Amongst French writers, the works
of Olivier and Latrielle ; the Species General des Coleopteres by the
Baron de Jean ; the Magazine of Guerin ; Les Etudes Entomolo-
giques par Monsieur de Laporte, and the Hist. Nat. des Insectes
par Audouin et Brulle ; La Centurie de Carabiques par Gory ; La
Revue Entomologique par Silberman. Les Coleopteres du Mexique
par Chevrolat ; the Entomological part of Duperrey's Voyage autour
du Monde, as well as that of the Scientific Expedition to the Morea
by Monsieur Brulle, and the Annales de la Societe Entomologique de
France, Amongst the Russian authorsmay be mentioned L'Entomo-
graphie de la Russie par M.Fischer, tab. 1.2. 3. Of American works
the reader may consult the Monograph of Say on the Cicindelidas
of North America, published in the New Series of the Philadelphian
Transactions ; Say's American Entomology, and lastly a description
13 2
were ranged by Linneus under the generic term of
Cicindela, nine of them at present belong to the
Cicindeloidea, while the remaining five are ranked
under the Caraboidal families usually denominated
Ground Beetles.
Perhaps no one group of Insects evinces more
the rapid progress which Entomology has made of
late years than the Cicindelidse. Fabricius, uni-
ting the Collyridge with that family, enumerates
but 67 species. The Baron De Jean in his first
Catalogue published in 1821, mentions 67 species
and in his last (bearing the date of 1837) about
278. Dr. Gistl of Munich in the first Fasciculus
of his Systema Insectorum (which does not include
the whole genera composing the group) mentions
the same number of species, viz. QJ8. It is pro-
bable that 70 others will be added in his second
of some new- species mentioned in the Journal of the Academy of
Sciences at Philadelphia by the same author. Of English writers,
who treat of our indigenous species, I name for reference the works
of Messrs. Stephens and Curtis, and particularly the invaluable
Systematic Catalogue of the former writer. As to Exotic species
consult the Annulosa Javanica by Mr. MacLeay, the Fauna Boreali
Americana by Mr. Kirby, a new New Holland genus in Selby's
Journal by Mr. Westwood, and also the Introduction to the Modern
Classification of Insects by the same author ; lastly, the Coleopteral
part of the Zoological Miscellany by myself, wherein are described
the oriental species of the collection of General Hardwicke.
Fasciculus of the above work, and if we allow that
there are in the different European collections about
50 which are undescribed, the total number known
will be about 400 species, and this amount is evi-
dently far short of what may yet be expected to
occur, as Naturalists are, comparatively speaking,
unacquainted with the Entomology of many very
extensive regions, situated in Asia, Africa, and the
two Americas.
Sp. 2. Hybrida. — For determining accurately this
species which was originally recorded by Linneus,
the reader is referred to Mr. Stephens's excellent
work, " The Illustrations of British Entomology, "
and also to the Histoire Naturelle des Insectes par
Audouin and Brulle, vide vol. 1. p. 65. — Cicindela
aprica Stephens is the true Hybrida of Linneus, and
Cic. Hybrida of Stephens is a variety of the Linnean
Hybrida. The Linnean specimen is already figured
in the frontispiece of Mr. West wood's " Introduc-
tion to the Modern Classification of Insects."
Sp. 4. Germanica. — Now of the genus Cylindera
Westwood ; according to that author this species is
made the type of the genus. M. M. Audouin and
Brulle seem to have confounded the genus Odon
tocheila of Mons. Laporte with Cylindera ; which
is erroneous, the latter apparently confining itself
to Europe in the Old World, while the former
seems peculiar to the southern regions of the New-
World.
Sp. 5, 6, and 7. — All of them originally be-
longing to Latreille's genus Megacephala and now
to Mr. Westwood's genus Tetracha, the major part
of the species inhabit North and South America as
well as some Islands of the New World : the fol-
lowing genera compose the family.
Megacephalid^e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1 . Megacephala, Latreille
2. Tetracha, Westwood
3. Aniara, Hope
Senegal
N.&S. America
Cayenne
C. Senegalensis, Linneus.
C. Carolina, Linneus.
C. Sepulchralis, Fabricius.
The Megacephalidae belong to the Old and New
World, the true type of the first genus is Meg.
Senegalensis, Lat ; which in the French Encyclo-
paedic, Mons. Serville has named Aptema, as it is
apterous. Meg. Euphratica and 4-signata, closely
allied to the former, are undoubtedly winged spe-
cies, we have therefore two sections of the group,
which may be described as follows.
Genus 1. Megacephala (stricte sic dicta) in-
habits the Old World, and forms the group (Ap tenia
of Serville).
(Mandibles with three apical teeth).
Section 1. Corpus apterum elytris postice dila-
tatis, humeris thoracis latitudini sequalibus. Species
Meg. Senegalensis.
Sec. 2. — Corpus alatum elytris in medio lati-
oribus, humeris (sc. angulis anticis) magis promi-
nentibus, thorace latioribus. Species Meg. 4-signata
and Euphratica.
Genus 2. Tetracha. — Westwood. — Inhabits the
New World.
(Mandibles with four apical teeth).
(Typus Cic. Carolina, Linneus.)
Genus 3. Aniara, Hope. — Type of the genus
C. sepulchralis, Fab. This insect diverging from
Megacephala and Tetracha, I consider as the type
of a sub-genus, it differs chiefly from the latter in
the following particulars. First, it is of a more
convex form than other known species having the
elytra scarcely more dilated than the thorax, near
8
the extremity of the apex they are subsinuated and
subacuminate, while in Tetracha they are rounded.
The head and antennae are in proportion shorter
than in Tet. Carolina and other allied species,
while the upper lip also projects, is more rounded
and armed with four small teeth. Mons. Lacordaire
states that the habits of this species differ from the
Megacephalidee, as it is usually found running
among the herbage in sandy situations and rarely
is seen to fly. The typical species is named Sepul-
chralis ; I apply to it the name of aviapos tristis, as
it is almost the only dark species of Megacephala
of my acquaintance.
Sp. 10. Riparia. — Now of the Fabrician genus
Elaphrus. Mr. Stephens is apparently the first
Entomologist who considered these Insects entitled
to rank as a family. Mons. Laporte has I think
injudiciously united them to the Nebriadse, and in
this opinion M. M. Audouin and Brulle seem to
agree. Mr. Kirby is of a different opinion and
coincides with Mr. Stephens, and adds several
pertinent observations respecting the Elaphridse,
to which the reader is referred. Vide Fauna Boreali
Americana, p. 60. The following genera belong
to the family.
Elaphrid^e, Stephens.
(Filipalpia, Kirby.)
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Nothiophilus, Dumeril
England
Cic. Aquaticus, Linneus.
2.
Elaphrus, Fabricius
England
Cic. Riparius, Linneus.
3.
Opisthius, Kirby
N. America
Op. Richardsoni, Kirby.
4.
Elethisa, Bonelli
England
Car. Multipunctata, Fab.
5.
Pelophila, De Jean
Sweden
Car. Borealis, Fabricius.
6.
Metrius, Eschscholtz
California
El Contractus, EschseholtZo
It appears that the genera composing this family
belong almost entirely to Northern climates, they
seem peculiar (as far as is known at present) to
Northern Europe and to North America. In
warmer regions I am inclined to think that Catas-
copus takes the place of Elaphrus. It is certain
that some of the species belonging to the former
genus abound in marshy places and on banks of
rivers ; should it eventually appear that a large pro-
portion of the species of Catascopus frequent such
localities, there cannot be a doubt of the connection
of the above genera. The Baron De Jean has
arranged Catascopus between Thyreopterus and
Graphiptera, with the latter it can have little rela-
tion, and certainly it does appear singular for a
10
natural arrangement that the Scaritidse and Grand
Carabi should be placed between Catascopus and
Elaphrus.*
Sp. 11, 1% and 13. — All these insects belong to
the Bembidiidse, as they will be alluded to more par-
ticularly in my remarks on the Caraboidea, I pass
them at present.
Sp. 14. Aquatica. — Now a Notheophilus of
Dumeril. In addition to the authorities (for the
various Elaphridse) recommended in the foregoing
note, the Zoologischer Atlas of Eschscholtz and
the Deutschlands Fauna by Sturm should also be
consulted.
* For the species of Elaphrus, vid. Insecta Sueccia by Gyllenhal
De Jean Species, t. 2, page 269. et Icon. pi. 85. fig. 2. Say's North
American Insects and Philadelphia Transactions, tab. 2. Germar's
Magazine Le Bulletin de la Soc. des Natur. de Moscow, 1 829.
Messrs. Stephens and Curtis's British Entomology, and also the
Fauna Boreali Americana, page 60-64.
Genus CINCIDELA of Fabricius.
Cicindelid^e of Leach.
Cicindeloidea of Hope.
Fabrician Species.
Country.
1. Grossa
2. Heros
3. Labiata
4. Violacea
5. Cyanea
6. Megalocephala
7. Virginica
8. Carolina
9. Sepulchralis
10. Bicolor
11. Campestris
12. Maroccana
13. Hybrida
14. Sinuata
15. Sylvatica
16. Maura
17. Littoralis
18. Tristis
19. Interrupta
20. Lunulata
21. Melancholica
22. Lurida
23. Chinensis
24. Analis
25. Semivittata
26. Flexuosa
27. Capensis
28. Abdominalis
29. Germanica
30. Obscura
31. Micans
32. Tuberculata
33. Unipunctata
34. Bipunctata
Coromandel
Pacific Isles
Pacific Isles
Carolina
East Indies
Senegal
Virginia
N. America
Cayenne
Calcutta
England
Morocco
England
Austria
England
Barbary
France
Brazils
Sierra Leone
P. B. S.
Guinea
P. B. S.
China
Sumatra
Sumatra
Spain
P. B. S.
Carolina
Germany
N. America
N. America
New Zealand
N. America
S. America
Genera of Authors.
Apteroessa, Hope.
Cicindela, Linneus.
Therates, Latreille.
Cicindela, Linneus.
Therates ?
Megacephala, Latreille.
Tetracha, Westwood.
Tetracha, Westwood.
Aniara, Hope.
Calochroa, Hope.
Cicindela, Linneus.
Oxycheila, De Jean.
Calochroa, Hope.
Cicindela, Linneus.
Calochroa, Hope.
Heptodonta, Hope.
Calochroa, Hope.
Cicindela, Linneus.
Cylindera ?
Cylindera, Westwood.
Cicindela, Linneus.
Odontocheila, Laporte.
12
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
35.
Chrysis
S. America
Odontocheila, Laporte.
36.
4-punctata
Java
Prothyma, Hope.
37.
6-punctata
Madras
Calochroa, Hope.
38.
Aurulenta
Sumatra
39.
4-lineata
Singapore
Cicindela, Linneus.
40.
Cincta
Senegal
Calochroa, Hope.
41.
Vittata
Guinea
Calochroa, Hope.
42.
Biramosa
Concan
Cicindela, Linneus.
43.
Mnrginalis
Canada
44.
Punctulata
Carolina
45.
6-guttata
Virginia
_
46.
Catena
Longipes
East Indies
Tranquebar
47.
Abroscelis, Hope.
48.
Marginata
Virginia
Cicindela, Linneus.
49.
1 0-guttata
Java
Calochroa'! Hope.
50.
Suturalis
Isle St. Thomas
Cicindela, Linneus.
51.
8-guttata
Argentata
Sierra Leone ?
S. America
52.
Cylindera, Westwood.
53.
Viduata
Sumatra
Cicindela, Linneus.
54.
Trifasciata
Cayenne
55.
Angulata
Tranquebar
56.
Funesta
East Indies
57.
Holosericea
Java
Cicindela, Linneus.
58.
Interrupta
Java
Calochroa, Hope.
59.
Cajennensis
Cayenne
Odontocheila, Laporte.
60.
iEquinoctialis
Surinam
Tetracha, Westioood.
61.
Guttula
Pacific Isles
Cicindela 1 Guerin.
62.
Flavilabris
Pacific Isles
Therates, Latrielle.
63.
Fasciata
Pacific Isles
Therates, Latrielle.
64.
Minuta
East Indies
Cicindela, Linneus.
1. Longicollis
2. Aptera
3. Formicaria
COLLYRIS of Fabricius.
Colliuris of Latreille.
Collyrid^e of Hope.
Siam
East Indies
Brazils
Collyris, Fabricius.
Collyris, Fabricius.
Ctenostoma, Klug,
REMARKS AND ANNOTATIONS
FABRICIAN CICINDELOIDEA.
Sp. Grossa. — The Baron De Jean has expressed
his opinion in his Species General des Coleopteres
that the above insect is probably a Dromica, be-
lieving it however to be the representative in Asia
of the African Dromica. I am inclined to make it
the type of a new genus, which I have named
Apteroessa, as it belongs to the Apterous section ; the
generic characters will appear in their proper place
at the end of this Fasciculus, along with various
other instituted sub-genera.
My friend Mr. Kirby, in the commencement of
his Fauna Boreali Americana, under his section
Euptera places his three sub-tribes, viz. Longicollia
(Colliuris), Brevicollia (Cicindela), and Fissicollia
(Manticora) ; with this arrangement I am inclined
to differ, and suggest that the Manticoridee either
14
stand by themselves, or that the term Euptera be
changed to Ocypoda, which will characterise ad-
mirably the three sub-tribes ; such cannot be said of
the term Euptera when some of the genera of the
Manticoridse and others of the Cicindelidse are
apterous.
As we are now considering those groups of
insects which have been most studied by Entomo-
logists, perhaps a concise view of the arrangement
of Authors may here be attempted, as well as an
outline of the table of the sub-genera composing the
family Cicindelidse. After the tables each of the
genera will be separately commented on.
15
ClCJNDELIDiE.
(Divisio prima Corpus Apterum.)
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Dromica, De Jean
2. Apteroessa, Hope
3. Eurymorpha, Hope
P. B. S.
Coromandel
Madagascar ?
C. Coarctata, Latreille.
C. Grossa, Fabrieius.
E. Cyanipes, Hope.
(Divisio Qda. Corpus alatum.')
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
10.
Oxycheila, De Jean
Iresia, De Jean
Euprosopus, Latreille
Odontocheila, Laporte
Plochiocera, Hope
Cicindela, Linneus
Abroscelis, Hope
Calochroa, Hope
Distipsidera, Westwood
( Therates, Latreille (
I Eurychile, Bonelli '
Cylindera, Westwood
Oxygonia, Mannerheim
Heptodonta, Hope
Brazils
C
Tristris, Fabrieius.
Rio Janeiro
C.
Lacordairei, De Jean.
Brazils
C
4-notata, De Jean.
Cayenne
c.
Lacordairei, De Jean.
Brazils
c.
Nodicornis, De Jean.
Europe
c.
Canrpestris, Linneus.
Java
c.
Longipes, Fabrieius.
East Indies
c.
8-notata, Wiedemann.
New Holland
c.
Undulata, Westioood.
New Guinea
c.
Labiata, Fabrieius.
England
c.
Gcrmanica, Linneus.
Colombia
c.
Schonherii, Mannerheim
East Indies.
c
Analis, Fabrieius.
1. Dromica, De Jean.
The species of Dromica are few in number and
appear to belong exclusively to the southern part of
the African Continent, but three are recorded by
the Baron De Jean in his last catalogue. I have
however recognised a fourth in one of our English
collections.
16
2. Apteroessa, Hope.
The Baron De Jean appears to be acquainted
only with Olivier's figure, never having seen the
real insect, or he would not have considered Cic.
Grossa as a true Dromica. Apteroessa approaches
in form Megacephala, and may be regarded as
representing Dromica in Asia.
3. Eurymorpha, Hope.
I am ignorant of the true locality of this remark-
able insect. I have given Madagascar as its country
with a doubt. It is certainly one of the most
remarkable forms to be found among the Cicinde-
lidae, the name is derived from evpvs and pop(f)yj,
from its exceedingly dilated form.
4. Oxycheila, De Jean.
Only five species of Oxycheila have been described,
in habits they approach Cicindela, their flight how-
ever is less rapid, and during the heat of the day
they shelter themselves under stones. According
to Mons. Lacordaire when captured they produce
a sharp noise by rubbing the posterior thighs
against the edge of their scaly elytra. I have
figured one species, which will be found among the
17
new genera at the end of this fasciculus under the
name of Oxych. Laportei. Mons. Guerin in the
Dictionaire Pittoresque d'Hist. Nat. Tom. 6, p. 57%
mentions a species named by him Oxycheila bisig-
nata.
5. Iresia, De Jean.
The Baron De Jean originally gave the term Ire-
sia. It should however have been written Hiresia.
Three species are recorded in Gistl's Systema Insec-
torum; they are found on the leaves of trees and
are exceedingly rapid in flight. A fourth species
is described by the Comte De Mannerheim in his
excellent Memoire sur quelques genres et especes
de Carabiques.
6. Euprosopus, Latreille.
Only one species of this elegant genus appears to
be known ; a second equally brilliant, if not more
splendid, has fallen under my inspection. It was
brought to this country by Mr. Lance, from Surinam.
7- Odontocheila, Laporte.
Nearly 30 species belong to this genus : evidently
they require further subdivision. A remark is
c
18
made in Dr. Gistl's Systema Insectorum that one
of the species feeds on vegetation. Is this a pecu-
liarity of the genus or not ?
8. Plochiocera, Hope.
I have separated the Cic. nodicornis D. J. from
Odontocheila of Laporte, and have formed it into a
subgenus, attaching the name of Plochiocera, derived
from ttXokios twisted, and Kepas. In habits it
resembles the former genus, it differs chiefly in
having the first article of the antennae of the male
dilated, or knotted, and in the truncation of the
front of the short upper lip. In other respects it
accords with Odontocheila, which has the upper lip
as long and acute at the tip, as in Oxycheila.
9. Cicindela, Linneus.
After detaching Odontocheila from Cicindela
more than 200 species remain huddled together
under that term. The Baron De Jean has attempted
sundry sections ; they are not however characterised,
and still remain in great confusion. Cic. analis Fab.
affords from its form and 7-toothed labium sufficient
marks for forming a sub-genus, and might appropri-
ately be named Heptodonta.
19
10. Abroscelis, Hope.
The Fabrician description of Cic. longipes is
almost sufficient to separate it from other species
of Cicindela. I originally in my MSS. gave it the
name of Podabra, which as it is used by Schonherr,
I change to that of Abroscelis. The following short
characters may be considered sufficient, as the type is
well known; Corpus subcylindricum thorace qua-
drato, postice subdilatato, elytris denticulatis, femo-
ribus posticis fere longitudine corporis. To this
sub-genus belong Cic. tenuipes Guerin, and other
Indian species. A singular species lately received
from Professor Klug, bearing the name of Cic.
graphiptera belongs apparently to this genus, it is
remarkable by its broad upper lip and large poste-
rior trochanters.
11. Calochroa, Hope.
Many of the insects of the Baron De Jean's fifth
division belong to this genus, In my MSS. I
have given it the name ofColochroa from/caAoy and
XPoa as the major part of the species are adorned
with rich colours. The following characters will
designate it: " Corpus subdepressum labro pruducto
c 2
20
quinque dentato, femoribusposterioribus longitudme
modicis." To this genus belong Cic. 8-notata
Wiedemann, Chinensis Fab. De Jeanii Hope, and
Princeps of Vigors. It may here be mentioned that
the species of this genus are deservedly reckoned
amongst the most beautiful and splendid insects of
our Cabinets.
12. Distipsidera, Westwood.
This new genus exhibits the characters of several
of the groups of Cicindelidse ; from Cicindela it is
distinguished by the large size of the labrum, the
unarmed mentum, the large labial palpi, the short
antennae, &c. The same characters remove it
from Odontocheila Laporte, of which it has the
external habit, but a different thorax. From The-
rates which it also much resembles, it is removed by
the large labial palpi, simple fourth joint of the tarsi,
and by having an external maxillary palpus. From
Dromica its peculiar form and labrum remove it.
It appears most nearly allied to Euprosopus and Hire-
sia ; agreeing with the former in the structure of the
labial palpi, but differing in the labrum and mentum,
and resembling Hiresia in the form of the body and
in the peculiar style of punctuation on the elytra,
21
but having very different palpi. Vid. Jardineand
Selby's Magazine, vol. 1, p. Q5% for further ample
details, and an excellent figure.
13. Therates, Latreille.
There are about 10 known species of Therates,
apparently they are confined to New Guinea, Java,
New Holland, and some of the Polynesian Isles.
14. Cylindera, Westwood.
M. M. Audouin and Brulle appear to have con-
founded Odontocheila with Cylindera ; the follow-
ing species belong to the latter genus, viz. C. sca-
laris of Latreille, Tenuis of Steven, gracilis of Pallas
and various others.
Id. Oxygonia, Mannerheim.
This is an insect of the New World, I am only
acquainted with the Author's description. In its
form it approaches Therates, but is evidently more
allied to Euprosopus. The name is derived from
o£w and yovv signifying sharp-kneed.
22
16. Heptodonta, Hope.
See the description of the genus under C. Analis,
Species 24.
Sp. 2. Heros. — According to Vanderlinden this
species is ranked by him as a true Cicindela ; the
description of Fabricius inclines me to think it
approaches Therates. As I have never seen the
insect 1 cannot speak decidedly respecting that
point, it certainly varies from the type of Cicindela.
Sp. 3. Labiata. — Now a Therates of Latreille.
Bonelli of Turin gave the name of Eurychile to
designate these remarkable insects, as the former
name has the claim of priority in its favour, the
latter is abandoned. For an account of the species
belonging to the genus, the reader may consult
Bonelli Mem. de l'Academ. de Turin, tab. 23. p,
248. Vanderlinden, sur les Cicindeles de Java.
The Annulosa Javanica by Mr. W. Sharpe, Mac-
Leay and Guerin's Magazine, tab. 1. n. 39.
Sp. 5. Cyanea. — From the concise Fabrician
description I am inclined to think that this insect
may be a Therates, it was originally described from
23
Vahl's collection. Latreille makes mention of a
species which he names Cyanea ; can they be the
same, as both are from the East Indies ?
Sp. 6. Megalocephala. — For the sake of euphony
the word Megacephala is used instead of the former.
Sp. 9- Sepulchralis. — In my MSS. I formerly
gave the name of Scythropa as a generic name to
the above species, as it is previously used by Schon-
herr in his CurculionidsB, I have substituted the
name of Aniara from awa/joymsestus. There cannot
be a doubt that the species (described by the Baron
De Jean as Meg. variolosa) is the same as C.
sepulchralis, Fab.
Sp. 10. Bicolor.— There are three insects from
the East Indies very similar in their appearance,
viz. Cic. bicolor above mentioned, the second is
Cic. pulchella Hope, described in the Synopsis of
the new species of Nepaul insects in the collection
of Major General Hardwicke, and the last is a new
species lately received from my friend Col. Whithill
from the Concan which I propose to name after him,
the description will be added. All the three belong-
to the genus Calochroa, the type of which I make
Cic. 8-notata, Wiedemann.
Calochroa Whithillii. Long. lin. 7- lat. lin. 2^.
Viridis, sutura latcribus elytrorum pallidioribus
24
nitidis, elytris unipunctatis tibiis tarsisq. violaceis ;
antennae fusees basi virescentes. Thorax viridis ni-
tidus, Elytra medio cyanea, sutura nitida, lateribus
virescentibus, marginibus externe violaceis, punc-
tum flavum unicum rotundatum in medio disci
locatum. Corpus subtus viride, nitidum, segmentis
ultimis abdominis violaceis, femoribus virescentibus,
nitidis tibiis tarsisq. violaceo-cyaneis.
In Museo. Dom Whithill.
This beautiful insect I have named after my
friend Colonel Whithill, whose superb collection of
Entomology from the vicinity of Bombay is quite
unrivalled.
Sp. 13. Hybrida. — Mr. Stephens, in his Illus-
trations of British Entomology, has made several
original observations on this species, to which the
reader is referred, vid. vol. i. p. 8. &c.
Sp. 18. Tristis. — Now an Oxycheila of De Jean.
M. M. Audouin and Brulle, in their Histoire
Naturelle des Insects, mention five species of this
genus. Gistl gives the same number. I have
figured one species, which appears to have been
mistaken by my friend the Comte de Castelneau.
His Oxy. binotata evidently is not the Oxy. bino-
tata of Gray, previously described. I propose
therefore to give it the name of Laportei, as origi-
25
nally published by that individual, one who has so
ably grouped the Cicindeloidea.
Sp. 19. Interrupta. — Now a Calochroa of Hope.
This insect in Africa seems to represent what
C. Chinensis does in Asia ; some of the specimens
are exactly like the dark varieties of the latter
species.
Sp. 24. Analis. — Now an Heptodonta of Hope.
The Baron De Jean, uniting Cic. 4-punctata with
the above insect, thinks them worthy of sectional
distinction ; as the labrum of Analis has seven
teeth, I make that insect the type of the genus,
and exclude Cic. 4-punctata, which approaches
Calochroa in its form, and yet may probably at a
future time be considered as a sub-genus. As
Analis is an insect well known, the generic cha-
racters are derived chiefly from the points of diffe-
rence it presents compared with other Cicindelidee.
Corpus subcylindricum elytris cylindricis, ad api-
cem latioribus, lateribus abdominis obtectis, labro
septem dentato, in reliquis Cicindela convenit.
This sub genus appears to unite Cicindela and
Therates.
Sp. 26. Flexuosa. — Some of the varieties of this
insect have been described as distinct species ; for
instance, Cic. Sardea and Circumflexa of De Jean.
26
Its range is very extensive, as it occurs in France,
Spain, and Sicily, as well as in the southern pro-
vinces of Russia, and also at Rosetta in Egypt.
Sp. 27. Capensis. — In Dr. Gistl's Systema In-
sectorum the locality of Calabria is given to this
insect. I apprehend there must be some mistake
respecting it, or the information he has received is
erroneous.
Sp. 28. Abdominalis. — I have considered this
insect as a Cylindera, merely from the Fabrician
description, Statura parva C. germanicse. I am
totally unacquainted with the species.
Sp. 29. Germanica. — The reader is referred to
the observations on Germanica, given in my former
remarks on the Linnean Cicindelidse.
Sp. 30. Obscura. — This insect seems to deviate
from the type of Cicindela. I am not aware of
any other North American species that presents a
similar subcylindrical and elongated form.
Sp. 31. Micans. — This is evidently the same
insect which Olivier has described under the name
of Cic. punctulata.
Sp. 34. Bipunctata. — Professor Audouin appears
first to have noticed the following peculiarity in the
insects belonging to the genus Odontocheila, namely,
that they have " les tarses sillonnes en dessus."
27
Sp. 36. ^-punctata. — I have only arranged this
species under Calochroa for the present, as it ap-
pears to afford sufficient characters for subdivision :
my own specimens are not perfect enough to de-
scribe. Since writing the above I have received a
specimen, and therefore give it as a subgenus, with
the name of Prothyma, from TrpoOvfxos, alacer, sig-
nifying brisk and lively. The characters are,
Corpus subelongato-cylindricum thorace subrotun-
dato elytris cylindricis, parallelis, labro fornicato et
dentato.
Sp. 43. Marginalis. — This insect appears to vary
considerably, when the spots on the elytra are want-
ing, it is the variety which Olivier has named
Cic. purpurea.
For remarks on this species, which my friend
the Rev. William Kirby considers the American
representative of Cic. campestris of Europe, the
reader is referred to the Fauna Boreali Americana,
page 11, where several varieties of the above insect
are minutely described.
Sp. 44. Punctulata. — This is evidently a variety
of the species which Fabricius previously described
under the name of Micans.
Sp. 45. Sexguttata. — Cicindela violacea, Fab. is
only a variety of this species. It is similar, with
the exception of the wings, which are spotless. '«
Sp. 46. Catena. — I have repeatedly received this
Insect from India, and believe it to be an Oriental
species. Dr. Gistl says, "habitat in India Orien-
tali, inque promontorio bonse spei plurimis locis
satis frequens." I am inclined to think that the
specimens occurring in the Cape collections, have
been purchased out of ships trading with India.
Sp. 47. Longipes. — I have thought fit to separate
this insect from Cicindela giving it the name of
abroscelis, from afipo? and cr/ceAoy, from the delicate
form of the legs. Cic. Tenuipes of Guerin may
be associated with it and other East Indian species.
Sp. 48. Marginata. — From the description of Cic.
variegata by De Jean I have little hesitation in giving
that species as a synonym of Cic. marginata, Fab.
Sp. 51. ^-guttata. — There appears to exist a dif-
ference of opinion respecting the country to which
the above insect belongs, Palisot de Beauvois gives
St. Domingo, Fabricius North America, Olivier
South America, and Schonherr Sierra Leone, with
the latter authority 1 am inclined to side.
Sp. 52. Argentata. — I have given the name Cy-
lindera to this species, merely from reading the
29
Fabrician description. 1 am totally unacquainted
with the insect.
Sp. 54. Trifasciata. — Fabricius gives two lo-
calities for this species ; one America, the other
Europe, there can be little doubt, therefore, that
he has confounded two distinct insects. According-
to modern writers, this Fabrician species enjoys an
extensive range of country, as it is common to
North as well as South America.
Sp. 61. Guttula. — M. Guerin in his Magazine,
maintains that this insect is a Cicindela. He
describes it as obtained from the debris of Billar-
diere's collection. It is remarkable that Fabricius
mentions that the specimen he described was de-
prived of its antennae. Mons. Guerin's descrip-
tion therefore is partly conjectural, from his figure
it certainly approaches Therates more than Cicin-
dela, and if not a true Cicindela is the type of a
sub-genus.
Collyris, Fabricius.
As Collyris was early separated from Cicindela
by the above author, and as at the present day
it is admitted to approach the Cicindclidse rather
than the Carabidse, I here insert my remarks on
30
the genus before entering on the next grand group.
Only three species are classed under the name of
Collyris, the two former belong to it at present, the
latter is a Ctenostoma of Klug.
Sp. 1. Longicollis. — The type of the Genus Col-
lyris.— Latreille was the first person to change the
name of Collyris to Colliuris. M. M. Audouin and
Brulle have very properly restored the original
name. The Baron De Jean however, in his last
Catalogue, still maintains his partiality for Col-
liuris.
Sp. 2. Aptera. — It may here perhaps save the
student some loss of time to inform him that Col-
lyris aptera, Fab. is totally distinct from Trycon-
dyla aptera of Olivier. Colliuris major, Latreille,
is the same insect as Collyris aptera, Fab. The
following genera compose the family.
Collyrid^e, Hope.
(Longicollia, Kirby.')
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Collyris, Fabricius
Siam
c.
Longicollis, Fabricius.
2.
Tricondyla, Latreille
East Indies
T.
Aptera, Latreille.
3.
i Proeephalus, Laporte
f Caris, Fischer
Brazils
P.
3-notatus, Fischer,
Cayenne
C.
3-notatus, Fischer.
4.
Ctenostoma, Klug
Brazils
c.
Formicarium, Fabricius.
5.
Psilocera Bridle
Madagascar
P
Elegans, Brulle.
31
1. Collyris, Fabricius.
I am acquainted with about twenty species of
Collyris, the major part of them are from the
Continent of India ; they abound in all the Presi-
dencies and in many of the Islands of Asia. They
appear to have been much neglected by our Ento-
mologists, with the exception of Mr. MacLeay,
who has described some new species from Dr.
Horsfield's rich Javanese collection.*
2. Tricondyla, Latreille.
The species of Trycondyla are few in number
compared with Collyris, only six have fallen under
my inspection ; for a better acquaintance with them,
apply to De Jean's Species de Coleopteres ; to
Guerin's Icones du Regne Animal Ins. pi. 3, fig.
3. Silberman's Revue, t. 2, p. 38. To Vander-
linden's Cicindeles de Java, page C2J, and the
Zoologischer Atlas, by Eschscholtz, Fas. 1, p. 6.
* For information respecting the species, refer among French
authors, to De Jean's Species general de Coleopteres ; to Guerin's
Iconographise ; to Bellinger's Voyage to the East Indies by the same
writer ; to the writings of M. M. Brulle and Laporte ; and Sil-
bermann's Revue Entomologique, Tab. 2, p. 1 1 . and Tab. 2, p. 37.
Vanderlinden sur les Cicindeles de Java should also be consulted.
32
3. Procephalus, Laporie.
This genus was first published by Dr. Fischer,
under the name of Caris, a name which has been
applied to some of the Arachnida. Mons. Laporte
consequently adopted the term Procephalus. Pro-
fessor Audouin who has studied these insects mi-
nutely, records an opinion in his L'Histoire Natural
des Insectes (Vol. 1, page 107) that Procephalus
of Laporte differs from Ctenostoma of Klug, and
is identical with Caris of Dr. Fischer. For a de-
scription of the known species consult L' Entomo-
graphie de la Russie, pi. 4, fig. 4., and Silbermann's
Revue, t. 2, p. 36.
4. Ctenostoma, Klug.
The insects of this genus as well as the former,
seem peculiar to the warm regions of the new world ;
only three recorded species are known. For an
account of them consult the Nova Acta Acad.
Natur. Curiosorum, Tab. 10. Also Observations
in the Zoological Journal, by Mr. J. O. Westwood,
vide Vol. 5, page 53, pi. 41. Supp.
33
5. Psilocera, Bridle.
This genus was originally published by M. M.
Audouin and Brulle under the name of Stenocera,
it was afterwards changed to Psilocera, as the
former name was used anteriorly by Schonherr
in his work on the Curculionidae.
For an acquaintance with the species the student
is referred to an elegant Monograph, published by
the Comte de Castelneau and Mons. H. Gory con-
jointly ; eleven species are therein described and
exquisitely figured.
In concluding my remarks on the Cicindeloidea,
it may here be stated that they still require further
sub-divisions. The rapid progress Entomology is
making, and the vast influx of new species added
annually to our European Cabinets, lead me to
think that few individuals in future will be bold
enough to attempt a general collection of Insects.
Many Entomologists confine themselves at present
to one order, and the time has arrived when it is
almost an impossibility for any one to accomplish
even that successfully. Some persons are directing
their attention to isolated groups, such as the
D
34
illustrious Schonherr to the Curculionidse, and
Baron Chaudoir to the Carabidse.
I may go still further, and assert that the time
is gone by when individual exertion can keep pace
with the increasing state of Entomological Science.
It is only to the united labours of different Societies
and to future Committees, formed from those
Societies, that we can in future expect any thing like
a Species Insectorum. The Botanists, by their
united labours and publications hold out to Zoolo-
gists an example worthy of being followed : let
Entomologists in the several orders make similar
exertions in publishing Monographs of families and
genera.
It would greatly tend to the advance and diffu-
sion of the science, if the different Entomological
Societies of Europe were to set apart sums of money
for the publication and illustration of such works.
I have been led into these remarks from having
investigated the first part of a Systema Insectorum,
published at Munich by the zealous and indefati-
gable Gistl. All must admire his ardour in the
pursuit of science, and regret the difficulties he
has had to encounter, as no where in Munich will
be found collections at all comparable with those
of London, Paris, Leyden, or Copenhagen.
35
Gmelin's Systema at best is but an indifferent
compilation ; in that work it is no unusual occur-
rence to find the self-same species described under
different names, and such must still continue to be
the case, till individuals of various countries, united
for a common purpose, undertake impartially to
investigate and publish their researches. Let
Entomologists be united for such ends, the result
must be beneficial to Science. In conclusion we
may add —
" In tenui labor, at tenuis not Gloria."
D °Z
36
CARABUS of Linneus.
C ARABICS of Leach.
CARABOIDEA of Hope.
Linnean Species.
1. Coriaceus
2. Granulatus
3. Hortensis
4. Leucophthalmus
5. Clathratus
6. Nitens
7. Auratus
8. Violaceus
9. Cephalotes
10. 10-guttata
11. Inquisitor
12. Sycophanta
13. Buprestoides
14. Fastigiatus
15. Lividus
16. Margiiiatus
17. Complanata
18. Crepitans
19. Americanus
20. Spinipes
21. Cyanocephalus
22. Melauocephalus
23. Vaporariorum
24. Latus.
25. Ferrugineus
26. Germanus
27. Vulgaris
28. Coerulescens
29. Cupreus
30. Piceus
31. Velox
32. Multipunctatus
Country.
Germany
France
England
England
Ireland
England
Switzerland
Wales
England
P. B. S.
England
England
Southern Europe
P. B.S.
England
Wales
Spain
England
N. America
England
England
England
England
N. America ?
England
Germany
England
Bavaria
England
England
Sweden
England
Genera of Authors.
Procrustes, Bonelli.
Carabus of Authors.
Sphodrus, Clairville.
Carabus, Linneus.
Broschus, Leach.
Thermophila, Leach.
Calosoma, Webei:
Unknown.
Aptinus, Bonelli.
Nebria, Leach.
Chlajnius, Bonelli..
Nebria, Leach.
Brachinus, Weber.
Galerita, Fabricius.
Curtonotus, Stephens.
Lamprias, Bonelli.
Calathus, Bonelli.
Stenolophus, Ziegler ?
Calathus, Bonelli.
Bradytus, Stephens.
Ophonus, Ziegler.
Amara, Bonelli.
Pa3cilus, Bonelli.
Agonum, Bonelli.
Bembidium, Latreille.
Blethisa, Bonelli.
37
Linnean Species.
33. Bipunctatus
34. 4-pustulatus
35. 6-punctatus
36. Meridianus
37. Testaceus
38. Ustulatus
39. Crux major
40. Crux minor
41. 4-maculatus
42. Atricapillus
43. Truncatellus
44. Bimaculatus
Country.
Genera of Autlwrs.
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
England
East Indies
Tachypns, Megerle.
Panagjeus ? Latreille.
Agonum, Bonelli.
Trechus, Clairville.
Epaphius, Leach?
Notaphus, Megerle.
Panagseus, Latreille,
Lebia, Latreille.
Dromius, Bonelli.
Demetrias, Bonelli.
Syntomus, Hope.
Brachinus, Fabricius.
1. Rostratus
2. Attenuatus
3. Reflexus
4. Elevatus
5. Unicolor
CARABUS of Fabricius.
CARABID^] of Leach.
CARABOIDEA of Hope.
CYCHRUS of Fab.
England
Germany
Coromandel
S. America
S. America
Cychrus, Fabricius.
Cychrus, Fabricius.
Camptoderus, Hope.
Scaphinotns, Latreille.
Scaphinotus, Latreille.
CARABUS of Fabricius.
CARABID^E of Leach.
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
1.
Scabrosus
Carniola
Procerus, Megerle.
2.
Coriaceus
Germany
Procrustes, Bonelli.
3.
Ccelatus
Carniola
Carabus, Auctorum.
4.
Marginalis
Russia
5.
Meyerlei
Guinea
Tefflus, Leach.
6.
Glabratus
Wales
Carabus of Authors.
7.
Violaceus
England
8.
Purpurascens
Germany
9.
Catenulatus
England
10.
Carolinus
S. Carolina
Carabus ?
38
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
11.
Cyaneus
England
Carabus of Authors.
12.
Excellens
Moldavia
18.
Hispanus
Spain
14.
Nodulosus
Hungary
15.
Monilis
England
16.
Lusitanicus
Gemmatus
Portugal
Germany
17.
18.
Uortensis
England
Germany
19.
Sylvestris
-20.
Concolor
Holsatia
Carabus ?
21.
Irregularis
Germany
22.
Creutzeri
Carniola
N. America
Austria
England
23.
Tasdatus
Scheidleri
24.
25.
Arvensis
Carabus of Authors.
26.
Hungaricus
Hungary
27.
Retusus
Patagonia
Calosoma,
Weber.
28.
Maderse
Madeira
Calosoma,
Weber.
29.
Convexus
Germany
Carabus of Authors.
30.
Auratus
Switzerland
31.
Splendens
Pyrenees
32.
Auronitens
Germany
-
33.
Suturalis
Terra del Fuego
34.
Morbillosus
Mauritania
35.
Rugosus
Morocco
Carabus ?
36.
Granulatus
France
Carabus <
f Authors.
37.
Cancellatus
Germany
38.
Clathratus
Ireland
Spain
39.
Melancholicus
40.
Nitens
England
„
41.
Leucopthalmus
England
Omaseus,
Ziegler
42.
Fasciatopunctatus
Austria
Pterostichus, Bonelli.
43.
Terricola
Germany
Pristonychus, De Jean.
44.
Scrobiculatus
Austria
Platynus,
Bonelli.
45.
Maurus
Germany
Omaseus 1
Ziegler.
46.
Niger
England
Platysma
Bonelli.
47.
Planus
London
Sphodrus,
Clairville.
48.
Striatulus
Patagonia
Platysma
Bonelli.
49.
Arenarius
Wales
Nebria, Latreille.
50.
Sabulosus
Saxony
51.
Lateralis
France
39
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
52.
Quadricolor
East Indies
Chlamius, Bonelli.
53.
Ruficornis
England
Harpalus, Latreille.
54.
Fulvipes
Germany
Harpalus, Latreille.
55.
Picicornis
Italy
Nebria, Latreille.
56.
Flavicornis
Saxony
Dolichus, Bonelli.
57.
Piceus
England
Calathus? Bonelli.
58.
Fern oral is
Sierra Leone
Chlsenius, Bonelli.
59.
Madidus
England
Steropus, Megerle.
60.
Decorus
Carolina
Calleida, Be Jean.
61.
Spinibarbis
England
Leistus, Frolich.
62.
.Eneocephalus
S. American Isles
Chloenius ?
63.
Humeralis
Italy
Tartis, Clairville.
64.
Angusticollis
Germany
Platynus, Bonelli.
65.
Miliaris
Austria
Tar us, Clairville.
66.
Axillaris
Austria
67.
Trilobus
Guinea
Unknown.
68.
Multipunctata
England
Blethisa, Bonelli.
69.
Borealis
Suecia
Pelophila, De Jean.
70.
Oblongopunctatus
England
Pterostichus, Bonelli.
71.
Croesus
Guinea
Epomis, Bonelli.
72.
Spoliatus
Morocco
Chlsenius, Bonelli.
73.
Cinctus
Coromandel
Chlsenius, Bonelli.
74.
Festivus
Austria
.
75.
Rufipes
England
Patrobus, Megerle.
76.
Elegans
Sumatra
Catascopus ?
77.
Splendidulus
Bengal
Catascopus, Kirby.
78.
Nitidulus
Kamtschatka
Helobia, Latreille.
79.
Tenuicollis
P. B. S.
Chlsenius, Bonelli.
80.
Ruficollis
Guinea
Calleida, De Jean.
81.
Tricolor
Austria
Psecilus, Bonelli.
82.
Modestus
Austria
Peryphus, Megerle.
83.
Agilis
England
Dromius, Bonelli.
84.
4-notatus
East Indies
Tetragonoderus, De Jean.
85.
Fasciatus
England
Dromius, Bonelli.
86.
Atricapillus
England
87.
Marginellus
Germany
88.
Bis 2-guttatus
Equinoctial Africa
Bracbinus, Fabrieius.
89.
8-punctatus
N. America
Agonum, Bonelli.
90.
Oblongus
England
Anchomenus, Bonelli.
91.
Pallipes
England
92.
Rubens
Kiel
Blemus, Ziegler.
40
Fabrician Species.
Cotmtry.
Genera of Authors.
93.
Festinans
Cayenne
Calleida, De Jean.
94.
Cephalotes
England
Broschus, Panzer.
95.
Megacephalus
P. B. S.
Camptoscelis, De Jean.
96.
Interruptus
Arabia ?
Ditomus, Bonelli.
97.
Calydonius
Italy
Ditomus, Bonelli.
98.
Caliginosus
N. America
Selenophorus, De Jean.
99.
Striola
England
Abax, Bonelli.
100
Impressus
East Indies
Diplocheila, Brulle.
101
Striolatus
Carniola
Molops, Bonelli.
102
Metallicus
Austria
Cheporus, Latreille.
103
Frigidus
Germany
Abax, Bonelli.
104
Elatus
Germany
Molops, Bonelli.
105
Gibbus
England
Zabrus, Clairville.
106
Politus
East Indies
Diplocheila, Brulle.
107.
Lepidus
England
Pcecilus, Bonelli.
108.
Cassidius
Paris
Licinus, Latreille.
109.
110.
Silphoides
Sabulieola
England
England
Ophonus, Ziegler.
111.
Globosus
Morocco
Steropus 1 Megerle.
112.
Melanocephalus
England
Calathus, Bonelli.
113.
Fuscus
England
114.
Brevicollis
Wales
Helobia, Leach.
115.
Punctulatus
Saxony
Sogines, Leach.
116.
Oculatus
Guinea
Ohlaenius, Bonelli.
117.
Posticus
East Indies
Lissauchenius., MacLeay 1
118.
Micans
Bengal
Chlsenius, Bonelli.
119.
Notula
Guinea
Chlsenius, Bonelli.
120.
Obscurus
England
Ophonus, Ziegler.
121.
Stigma
East Indies
Planetes, MacLeay.
122.
Ammon
Guinea
Chkenius? Bonelli?
123.
Pudicus
Bengal
Chlsenius ?
124.
Bicolor
JV. America
Harpalus, Latreille.
125.
Holosericeus
England
Chlasnius, Bonelli.
126.
Binotatus
England
Anisodactylus, De Jean.
127.
Fulvicollis
Barbary
Lebia, Latreille.
128.
Pilicornis
England
Loricera, Latreille.
129.
Dimidiatus
Germany
Pcecilus, Bonelli.
130.
Coerulescens
Bavaria
131.
Lsetus
Europe
Pcecilus 1
132.
Vividus
Madeira
Harpalus, Latreille.
133.
Tardus
Germany
Harpalus, Latreille.
41
Fabr'wian Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
134. Cupreus
135. Tricolor
136. Carnifex
137. Vulgaris
138. Communis
139. Integer
140. Alpinus
141. Latus
142. Abdominalis
143. Ovatus
144. Helopioides
145. Azureus
146. ^Ineus
147. Erythrocephalus
148. Analis
149. Lineola
150. Ferrugineus
151. Pallid us
152. St. Crucis
153. Surinamensis
154. Dorsiger
155. Aterrimus
156. Nigricornis
157. Austriacus
158. Parumpuntatus
159. 6-punctatus
160. Palliatus
161. Discoideus
162. Marginatus
163. Vestitus
164. Nigrita
165. Pallipes
166. Quadrum
167. Cyanocepkalus
168. Rufibarbis
169. Flavilabris
170. Amethystinus
171. Lividus
172. Semivittatus
173. Notulatus
1 74. Corticalis
England
Kiel
S. America
England
England
American Isles
Switzerland
England
P. B. S.
England
England
Saxony
England
Kiel
Germany
N. America
England
Saxony
American Isles
Surinam
Barbary
England
England
Austria
England
England
N. America
Germany
England
England
Germany
N. America
Senegal
England
England
East Indies
Cayenne
Denmark
East Indies
Bengal
New Cambridge
Psecilus, Bonelli.
Antarctia, De Jean.
Amara, Bonelli.
Brady tus ?
Amara? Bonelli.
Bradytus, Stephens.
Harpalus, Latreille.
Amara, Bonelli.
Oodes, Bonelli.
Harpalus, Latreille.
Nebria, Latreille ?
Leistus ? Frolich.
Agonoderus, De Jean.
Bradytus, Stephens.
Cymindis, Latreille.
Agonoderus, De Jean.
Cymindis, Latreille ?
Unknown.
Omaseus, Ziegler.
Chlsenius, Bonelli.
Agonum, Bonelli.
Selenophorus, De Jean.
Bradytus ?
Agonum, Bonelli.
Chlsenius, Bonelli.
Omaseus, Ziegler.
Agonoderus, DeJean.
Tetragonoderus, De Jean.
Lamprias, Bonelli.
Leistus, Frolich.
Colpodes ? MacLeay 1
Lebia, Latreille 1
Amara?
Barysomus, De Jean.
Panagseus, Latreille.
Lebia, Latreille.
42
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
175.
Curtus
New Holland
Lebia ? Latreille.
176.
Crux major
England
Panagseus, Latreille.
177.
Crux minor
England
Lebia, Latreille.
178.
Vittatus
N. America
179.
2-vittatus
Augulatus
N. America
Tranquebar
180.
Panageeus, Latreille.
181.
Turcicus
England
Lebia, Latreille.
182.
H sem orrhoid alis
Saxony
.
183.
Picipes
Sweden
Agonum, Bonelli.
184.
2-pustulatus
England
Badister, Clairville.
185.
Andreae
England
Tachypus, Megerle.
186.
Elevatus
Paris
Blemus, Ziegler.
187.
Germanus
England
Ophonus, Ziegler.
188.
Heros
Barbary
Anisodactylus, De Jean.
189.
Spinilabris
Austria
Leistus, FrSlich.
190.
Velox
England
Bembidium, Latreille.
191.
Rufescens
England
Leistus, Frolich.
192.
Prseustus
Germany
Leistus ?
193.
Apricarius
England
Bradytus, Stephens.
194.
Lunatus
England
Callistus, Bonelli.
195.
Prasinus
England
Anchomenus, Bonelli.
196.
Cursor
Italy
Trechus, Clairville.
197.
Furcatus
America
Agonoderus, De Jean.
198.
Vaporariorum
England
Stenolophus, Ziegler.
199.
Meridianus
England
Trechus, Clairville.
200.
Discus
Germany
Blemus, Ziegler.
201.
Comma
America
Agonoderus ?
202.
Vernalis
England
Argutor, Megerle.
203.
4-maculatus
England
Dromius, Bonelli.
204.
4-guttatus
England
Lopba, Megerle.
205.
4-pustulatus
England
Panagseus, Latreille.
206.
Ustulatus
England
Notaphus, Megerle.
207.
Dorsalis
Kiel
Trechus, Clairville.
208.
2-guttatus
Norway
Philochthus, Stephens.
209.
Guttula
England
Philochthus, Stephens.
210.
Fenestratus
Germany
Dromius, BoTielli.
211.
Smaragdulus
East Indies
Catascopus 1 MacLeay.
212.
Cruciger
Saxony
Trechus, Clairville.
213.
Testaceus
England
Epaphius, Leach.
214.
Truncatus
Saxony
Dromius, Bonelli.
215.
Abbreviatus
Norway
Lesteva, Latreille,
43
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
216. 2-punctatus
England
Tachypus, Megerle.
217. Celer
England
Tachypus, Megerle.
218. Minutus
England
Trechus, Clairville.
219. Pygmseus
Germany
Philochthus, Stephens.
220. Tristis
Germany
Trechus, Clairville.
221. Fasciola
S. America
Tetragonoderus ? De Jean.
222. Truncatellus
England
Philorhyzus, Hope.
223. Minimus
Germany
Lopha, Megerle.
1. Maxillosa
2. Pallida
CARABID^l FABRICIAN^].
MANTICORA, Fabricius.
I P. B. S. | Manticora, Fabricius.
I P. B. S. I Platychile, MacLeay
1. Depressus
2. Marginatus
3. Testaceus
4. Grandis
5. Gigas
6. Impressus
7. Quadratus
8. Subterraneus
9. Laevigatas
10. Porcatus
11. Ruficornis
12. Crenatus
13. Cyaneus
14. 2-pustulatus
15. Arenarius
16. Thoracicus
17. Gibbus
18. Cursor
19. Arabs
1. Alternans
3. Porculatum
6. Sericeum
SCARITES, Fabricius.
Cayenne
N. America
Senegal
Brazil
Africa
S. America
Guinea
N. America
Italy
East Indies
P. B. S.
East Indies
New Holland
American Isles
England
England
England
Europe
Arabia ?
Pasimachus, Bonelli.
Pasimachus, Bonelli.
Scarites ?
Scarites, Fabricius1.
Scarites, Fabricius.
Scarites, Fabricius ?
Scarites, Fabricius.
Scarites, Fabriciust
Scarites, Fabricius.
Scarites, Fabricius1.
Acanthoscelis, Latreille.
Scarites, Fabricius.
Carenum, Bonelli.
Clivina, Latreille.
Clivina, Latreille.
Dyschirius, Bonelli.
Dyschirius, Bonelli.
Dyschirius 1 Bonelli.
Scarites, Fabricius 1
CALOSOMA, Fabricius.
American Isles
New Holland
Hambro'
Calosoma, Fabricius.
Adelium, Kirby.
Calosoma, Fabricius.
44
GALERITA, Fabricius.
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
1.
Americana
Pennsylvania
Galerita, Fabricius.
2.
Attelaboides
Africa ?
Galerita, Fabricius.
3.
Hirta
Tranquebar
Omphra, Leach.
4.
Olens
Italy
Zuphium, Latreille.
5.
Depressa
East Indies
Siagona, Latreille.
6.
Plana
East Indies
Siagona, Latreille.
7.
Flesus
East Indies
Siagona, Latreille.
8.
Bufo
Tangier
Siagona, Latreille.
9.
Fasciolatus
England
Polisticbus, Bonelli.
BRACHINUS, Fabricius.
1. Bimaculatus
2. Complanatus
3. Annulus
4. Fulminans
5. Nigripennis
6. Tripustulatus
7. Mutilatus
8. Piger
9. Histrio
10. Ruficeps
11. Fumans
12. Crepitans
13. Sclopeta
East Indies
St. Domingo
Tranquebar
Guinea
P. B. S.
Siam
Austria
East Indies
East Indies
P. B. S.
America
England
Paris
Pheropsopkus, Solier.
Pheropsophus, Solier.
Pheropsophus, Solier.
Pheropsophus, Solier.
Aptinus, Bonelli.
Pheropsophus, Solier.
Aptinus, Bonelli.
Pheropsophus, Solier 1
Pheropsophus 1
Brachinus, Fabricius.
ANTHIA, Fabricius.
1.
2.
3.
Maxillosa
Thoracica
10-guttata
P. B. S.
P. B. S.
P. B. S.
Anthia, Fabr
icius.
Thermophila,
Leach.
4.
6-guttata
Calcutta
Pachymorphf
, Hope.
5.
Venator
Sulcata
Senegal
Senegal
Barbary
P. B. S.
Thermophila,
Leach.
6.
7.
6-maculata
8.
7-guttata
9.
10.
Nirnrod
4-suttata
Senegal
P. B. S.
~
45
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of A uthors.
11.
Tabida
P. B. S.
Thermophila, Leach.
12.
Umbraculata
Guinea
Piezia ? Bridle.
13.
Variegata
Arabia ?
Graphiptera, Latreille.
14.
Exclamationis
Barbary
15.
Trilineata
P. B. S.
16.
Obsoleta
P. B. S.
AGRA, Fabricius.
1.
iEnea
S. America
Agra, Fabricius.
2.
Rufipes
S. America
3.
Attelaboides
East Indies
Novum Genus.
ODACANTHA, Fabricius.
1.
Melanura
England
2.
Bifasciata
Brazil
3.
Cyanocephala
East Indies
4.
3-pustulata
Paris
~>.
Elongata
S. America
0.
Dorsalis
Carolina
Odacantha, Fabricius
Cordistes, Latreille.
Casnoidea, Laporte.
Antliicus ? Fabricius ?
Cordistes 1 Latreille.
Leptotrachelus, Latreille.
DRYPTA, Fabricius.
1 . Emarginata
2. Cylindricollis
1. Uliginosus
2. Riparius
3. Striatus
4. Impressus
5. Atratus
6. Flavipes
7. Aquaticus
8. Semipunctatus
9. Rupestris
10. Biguttatus
1. Flexuosus
2. Limbatus
3. Labiatus
England
Morocco
Drypta, Fabricius.
Desera, Leach.
ELAPHRUS, Fabricius.
England
Wales
Germany
Germany
America
England
England
Saxony
Germany
Norway
Elaphrus, Fabricius.
Elaphrus, Fabricius.
Bembidium 1 Dumeril.
Bembidium, Illiger.
Elaphrus 1 Fabricius.
Bembidium, Illiger.
Nothiophilus, Dumeril.
Peryphus, Megerle.
Nothiopliilus, Dumeril.
SOLYTUS, Fabricius.
I East Indies i Omophron, Latreille.
France
Carolina
REMARKS AND ANNOTATIONS
LINNEAN SPECIES OF CARABUS.
Sp. 1. Coriaceus. — This insect is a Procrustes of
Bonelli, and one of the family of the Carabidae.
The following Table gives an outline of the genera
composing it, from which I have thought fit to
separate the Pamboridse, consisting at present of
only two genera, Pamborus and Callimosoma, both
of them inhabiting New Holland.
Carabid^e, Latreille.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
•2.
3.
4.
5.
G.
Procerus, Megerle
Procrustes, Bonelli
Carabus, Linneus
Apotomopterus, Hope
Calosoma, Weber
Chrysostigma, Kirby
CarnioJa
Germany
France
China
England
N, America
C.
C.
c.
c.
c.
c.
Scabrosus, Fabricius.
Coriaceus, Fabricius.
Granulatus, Linneus.
Prodigus, EHchson.
Sycophanta, Fabricius.
Calidum, Fabricius.
As the major part of the above genera will be
referred to in their proper places, I shall only
allude at present to the fourth, which as it appears
48
to differ from any species of known Carabus, I
make the type of a sub-genus, naming it Apoto-
mopterus, from a7TOTOfjLos, broken off, and irrepov,
the apex of the elytra having the appearance of
having been abruptly broken off. Vid. Act. Acad.
Cses. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. Vol. 16, Suppl. Table
37, figure 1. Mr. Kirby in his Fauna Boreali Ame-
rica, forms a sub-genus (named by him Chrysostig-
ma) of some of the species belonging to Calosoma.
The type of the latter is Sycophanta, of the former
C. Calidum, Fab. ; for the characteristic distinctions
the reader is referred to the above-mentioned work,
page 18.
Sp. 2. Granulaius. — Now a Carabus of authors.
The granulatus of our English Cabinets is not the
same as the C. granulatus of the French collections,
the latter appears to be found in the South of France,
and is never met with in the British Isles.
Different writers have attempted to form the
species of Carabus into sections, which I shall not
here introduce, as they require very considerable
alteration. In the Histoire Naturelle des Insectes,
par Audouin et Brulle, when speaking of the grand
Carabi, the following statement occurs, " pendant
long temps on a pense quel n' en existait pas das
l'Amerique Meridionale depuis les Voyages du
49
Naturaliste Eschcholtz, on a acquis la preuve du
contraire. Ce n'est que dans le nord de FAfrique
et dans FAsie Mineure que Fon trouve des especes
de ce genre pour chacune de ces deux parties du
monde, et F Australasie n'en a pas encore offert une
seule jusqu' ici."
It is singular that neither of the above Entomo-
logists are aware that Fabricius had early described
a species from Terra del Fuego, under the name
of Car. suturalis. Mr. Charles Darwin has lately
brought with him from the same country the above
species, and five others. As to Carabus being found
only in Asia Minor, it may here be noticed that
one species, under the name of Car. Hardwickii,
was published by me in the Synopsis of Nepaul
Insects, and four other species were in the same
collection when it reached this country.
Sp. S. Hortensis. — This insect is subject to be
attacked by parasitic worms of the genus Filaria ;
I have twice seen the worms escape from the insect
when dead.
Sp. 4. Leucopthahnus. — Now a Sphodrus of Clair-
ville, who first separated this genus from Carabus.
The species are widely dispersed in the world, oc-
curring in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Some sub-
genera from New Holland are allied to it. Sphodrus
00
ought to be raised to the rank of a family. With
regard to the species named leucopthalmus, it lives
in the cellars of our metropolis, and feeds, I think,
chiefly on Cockroaches.
Sp. 9. Cephahtes. — Now a Broschus of Dr.
Leach. The Baron De Jean retains Bonelli's generic
name of Cephalotes, which ought to be changed,
as it is previously used as a genus of Mammalia by
Cuvier, in the Regne Animal. The species of
Broschus are widely dispersed, as they occur in
Europe, Africa, and Asia. The most splendid of
them all is from New Holland, and is named by me
Sumptuosus.
Sp. 10. 10-guttata. — Now a Thermophila of
Leach, and one of the genera of Anthiadse.
Anthiad^:, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Anthia, Weber
P. B. S.
Thoracica, Fabricius.
2.
Pacliymorpha, Hope
East Indies
6-guttata, Fabricius.
3.
Thermophila, Leach
P. B. S.
10-guttata, Fabricius.
4.
Graphiptera, Latreille
Africa
Variegata, Fabricius.
5.
Piezia, Dupont
P. B. S.
Axillaris, Dupont.
51
Anthia, Weber.
I retain the name of Anthia for those species
allied to Anth. Marginata, and Thoracica of Fa-
bricius. Pachymorpha 6-guttata represents in Asia
what Anthia does in Africa. Thermophila includes
all the sulcated species. The characters of the
above genera are as follow, and might be still
further subdivided.
(Fissicollia, Kirby.)
(Anthia, Fabricius.)
Anthia $. Aptera, clypeo porrecto rotundato
integro. Thorax bilobus marginatus, dorso elevato,
medio concavo, postice producto dilatato, lamellis
duabus depressis. Corpus subdepressum, glabrum
sub lente subpunctatum marginatum. Anthia 2,
differt prsecipue thorace cordiformi bilobo, medio
fortissime sulcato. Type Sp. Anthia Thoracica, Fab.
Pachymorpha, Hope.
Pachymorpha $. Aptera, clypeo fere quadrato
integro. Thorax cordiformis, bilobus, convexus
postice productus, apice fortissime inciso. Corpus
crassum, valde convexum, punctulatum subsericeum.
e 2
■S'TY OF
:
52
Pachymorpha $ differt thorace cordiformi, linea
longitudinali for titer impressa, «,
Thermophila, Leach.
Aptera, thorace cordiformi, seu subhexagono, in
medio sulcata, seu linea longitudinali impressa,
elytris fortissime sulcatis. The sexes in the present
genus do not appear to vary in the shape of the
thorax. With respect to the localities of the above
genera, Anthia and Thermophila belong to Africa,
while Pachymorpha seems peculiar to Asia. A
new East Indian species will be figured in the
plates of the present number. The Anthiadse I
am inclined to think have no intimate relationship
with the Helluonidse ; they are connected on one
hand with Manticora, and with Cicindela on the
other, by means of Graphiptera and Eurymorpha.
A singular species of Cicindela, named Ritchii by
Mr. Vigors, so closely resembles some of the Gra-
phiptera, that at first sight it might be mistaken
for one ; Fabricius indeed seems to have been of
opinion that these genera were allied; he names
one species Cicindeloides. In their habits also they
appear to accord. My friend Monsieur Lefebvre, who
collected them in Egypt, writes as follows, " Ces
53
insectes se trouvent (selon lui) pendant la plus
grand chaleur du jour, ils courent dans le sable des
terrains peu cultives." "They produce a singular
sound resembling the utterance of the word xexe,
by which they are discovered in their lurking places."
The reputed larva of Pachymorpha6-guttata, (which
I cannot consider as a Carabideous larva) will be
found figured in Guerin's Magazine of Zoology.
It is probable that the larvae of the African species,
when known, will be found to vary considerably
from those of the East Indian Anthiadse.
Sp. 12. Sycophanta. — Now a Calosomaof Weber.
Linneus states that at night they devour the larvae
of Lepidoptera ; I am inclined to think that they
are more destructive in the day time. The larvae
when taken, smell strongly, as of lamp oil. The
reader is referred to a valuable paper in the Ento-
mological Transactions, by Dr. Hermann Bur-
meister, on the anatomy of the larva of Calosoma
Sycophanta.
Sp. 13. Buprestoides. — Schonherr, in his Sy-
nonyma Insectorum, has not attempted to say to
what genus this insect belongs, and from the concise
Latin description it is impossible to determine it
with any accuracy.
Sp. 14. Fastigiatus. — Now an Aptinus of Bo-
54
nelli. This insect was originally described by
Linneus, and was afterwards named Nigripennis
by Fabricius. Olivier was correct in following
Linneus. The tabular arrangement of the genera
composing this family will be found under Brachinus,
among the Fabrician Carabidse.
Sp. 16. Marginatus. — This insect is a Chlaenius,
and has different names applied to it : the oldest is
marginatus, and consequently takes precedence of
the Fabrician name \>estitus.
Sp. 17. Complanatus. — Now of the genus Nebria
Latreille. The Nebriadae require to be separated
from the Elaphridse, with which they have been
associated by M. M. Audouin and Brulle, the fol-
lowing genera compose the family.
Nebriad,e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Nebria, Latreille
N. Europe
Complanata, Linneus.
2.
Pteroloma, Schonherr
Kamtschatka
Forstromii, Gyllenhall.
3.
Helobia, Leach
England
Brevicollis, Fabricius.
4.
Alpseus, Bonelli
Switzerland
Castaneus, Bonelli.
5.
Leistus, Fralich
England
Spinibarbis, Fabricius.
In addition to the above genera, Notiobia of
Perty might probably be added. Le Comte de
Castelneau, speaking of Notiobia, says, that it has
the general appearance of a Nebria ; as I am only
55
acquainted with the figure, I cannot give a decided
opinion. A glance at the countries these insects
inhabit, tells us at once that they are a northern
group ; they are abundant amid the Alpine snows
and even in Wales and Scotland ; they are found
to abound more in the range of Alpine vegetation,
than in the plains.
With respect to the genus Pteroloma, it appears to
be the Adolus of Eschcholtz and the Holocnemis of
Schilling, according to Erichson this genus belongs
to Agyrtes one of the Silphiadse. I here cannot help
suspecting some error, which I am unable to ex-
plain, Eschcholtz was too accurate an Entomologist
to have committed so egregious a blunder, as to
confound the Carabidee with the Silphiadae.
Sp. 18. Crepitans. — Now of the genus Brachinus.
In the Linnean cabinet there are two distinct in-
sects confounded under the above name ; one of them
is the Brachinus fumans Fab. from North Ame-
rica, the other the well known European species
named Crepitans by Linneus.
Sp. 19* Americanus. — Now a Galerita of Fabri-
cius. From the Linnean description "Similis C.
crepitanti sed quadruplo major," some have sup-
posed the above species to be a Brachinus, and it is
singular that in Lee's cabinet named by Fabricius,
56
a large species of Brachinus is named by him
Americanus. »,
Sp. 20. Spinipes. — Now a Curtonotus of Stephens,
and one of the genera of Amaridse. A species
named convexiusculus, by the same author, feeds
on the bleached roots of grasses under stones. Re-
specting the typical species, Scopoli has recorded
that it is abundant " super trictici spicas frequens,"
and why there ? Some have imagined that these
insects resort to standing corn in quest of the
Aphides, my observations lead me to believe they
attack the stalk of the wheat and devour it, and in
this habit they approach Zabrus. Mr. Stephens in
his Systematical Catalogue has placed Bradytus and
Curtonotus before Zabrus, evidently proving himself
by that judicious arrangement to be, in the language
of Barrington, an out-door Naturalist. The re-
searches of Zimmerman induce him to believe that the
Amaridse are vegetable feeders, and from collecting
assiduously the Harpalidse, I am also inclined to
think that the Ophoni and Trechidse, and even some
of the species of true Harpalus feed on the roots of
grasses. I think it also not improbable that the pe-
culiar smell of the Amaridae is derived from the vege-
tation they eat. Lebia, Brachinus, and Panagaeus
will eventually be found to feed on vegetation. Lam-
57
prias and Panagseus exhale alike the same disagree-
able odour.
Sp. 21. Cyanocephalus. — Now of the genus
Lamprias of Bonelli, and of the family of Lebiadse.
I differ with M. M. Audouin and Brulle in re-
uniting Lamprias with Lebia ; as it appears a very
natural sub-genus, I retain it. If we reject the
generic characters given by such a writer as Bonelli,
and revert back to early authors, it would be wise
to retain the sectional characters those writers
adopted, generally expressed in a short Latin sen-
tence ; if not, we are again likely to have the self-
same species formed into sub-genera, with increased
confusion by addition of new names.
Sp. 23. Vaporariorum. — Now a Stenolophus of
Ziegler. The insect in the Linnean cabinet label-
led as Vaporariorum is now a Tarus, and not a
Stenolophus ; it appears to be the same as Tarus
basalis.
Sp. 24. Latus. — According to M. M. Audouin
and Brulle, the above insect is a Calathus of
Bonelli, and is found in France under stones, ac-
cording to Illiger, his Carabus Cisteloides is the
same insect. Erichson, in the Kafer der Mark
Brandenburg, vol. 1, page 103, gives Carabus latus
58
as a synonym of C. apricarius, it must therefore be
a Brady tus of Stephens. There is evidently very
great confusion respecting this species, as in the
Linnean cabinet it is a true Harpalus. Linneus
also in the Systema Natura mentions two localities,
Europe and North America, probably confounding
two species.
Sp. 25. Ferrugineus. — Now a Brady tus of Ste-
phens. A genus closely allied to Curtonotus of the
same author.
Sp. 27. Vulgaris. — Now an Amara of Bonelli.
The monograph of Zimmerman on these interesting
insects should be studied by all Entomologists ; the
following genera compose the family, viz. Percosia,
Celia, Amara, Bradytus, Leirus, Leiocnemis,
Amathitis, and Acrodon ; instead of Leirus the
name of Curtonotus should be substituted, as pre-
viously characterized by Mr. Stephens in his illus-
trations of British Entomology. In the Linnean
cabinet the insect ticketed vulgaris, is not an
Amara but a Platysma.
Sp. 30. Piceus. — Now an Agonum of Bonelli,
according to the specimens preserved in the Linnean
cabinet.
Sp. 31. Velox. — Now a Bembidium of Illiger.
59
The Entomologists of Sweden think that Carabus
velox of Linneus is only a variety of Bembidium,
impressum Gyll.
Sp. 33. Bipunctatus. — Now a Tachypus of
Megerle, one of the genera of the Bembidiidse.
The following remarks occur in the Histoire Na-
turelle des Insectes relating to the above family.
" C'est Mons. Stephens qui dans son interressant
Traite sur les Insectes d'Angleterre en a le premier
publie les caracteres en les regardant toutes comme
des genres particuliers ce savant Entomologiste en a
porte le nombre a douze qui ne correspondent pas
tout-a-fait a celles du species de M. le comte De
Jean. Comme elles nous paraissent plus faciles a
saisir dans le dernier ouvrage nous adopteron de
preference la methode du Naturaliste Francais,"
Vid. Hist. Nat. des Insect par Audouin et Brulle,
Vol.2, p. 156, &c. Argument is one thing, Nation-
ality another. Because the published genera of Mr.
Stephens do not correspond with the Baron De Jean's,
or because De Jean's genera at first sight are more
readily taken, therefore those of the French Natu-
ralist are to be adopted. If the genera described
by the above writers are accurate they must accord >
the claim of priority then cannot be set aside on
60
any other account, excepting that of inaccuracy.
It is to he regretted that the names of Megerle
and Dahl were adopted by our English Naturalist.
The generic details were first published by Mr.
Stephens in July, 1828, by De Jean in 1831, in
the first part of his fifth volume of the Species
general des Coleopteres, where the Megerlean
types are given. From enquiry it appears doubt-
ful if Megerle ever published any Entomological
brochure. In concluding these observations, a
passing remark is added, which has attracted the
attention of many individuals. "It is singular that
scarcely a reference is ever made by De Jean and
other Entomologists to the two first works ever
published in this country on our Insectal Fauna,
those of Messrs. Stephens and Curtis." The works
are costly and valuable publications, and such works
ever will be, when illustrated by excellent figures ;
the great cost of them, however, cannot be pleaded
as an excuse by the princely De Jean, or by other
French writers, as a reason for not quoting them.
It is a notorious fact, that the libraries of Natural
History in France are far superior to those of
England, why then, it must be asked, are our
ablest authors passed by and neglected ?
61
BEMBiDiiDiE, Stephens.
Genera.
1. Lymnseum, Stephens
2. Cillenum, Leach
3. Tachys, Ziegler
* J Philochthus, Steph.
( Leia, Megerle
5. Ocys, Kirby
6. Peryphus, Megerle
7. Notaphus, Megerle
8. Lopha, Megerle
9. Tachypus, Megerle
10. Bembidium, Illiger
11. Chaly be, Laporte
iEga, Laporte
Pselaphopetius,.S'.
12
Country.
Typical Species.
England
Car. Nigropiceus, Marsh.
England
Cill. Laterale, Leach.
England
Tach. Scutellaris, Steph.
England
Bern, bignttatum, Illiger.
England
Car. Tempestivus, Panz.
England
Bern, femoratum, Sturm.
England
Car. Ustulatus, Linneus.
England
Cic. 4-maculata, Linneus.
England
Cic. Andreas, .Fa&.
England
Cic. flavipes, Linneus.
Cayenne
Chal. Leprieuri, Laporte.
Cayenne
2Eg. Anthicoides, Laporte
It is probable that the two last genera will be
found eventually to connect the Bembidiidae with
the Trechidse. The above table seems to include
all the known genera composing the family. Inter-
mediate forms may be expected to occur, uniting
the European and Transatlantic genera ; there is,
however, much to be done in the investigation of
the exotic species, as little of their habits are
known.
The name of Leia was, of necessity, changed
by Mr. Stephens to Philochthus, as the former
had previously been applied by Meigen to desig-
nate a genus of Diptera (Vid. Meig. Zw. 1, 253).
After paying much attention to this family, I have
62
adopted the arrangement of Mr. Stephens as the
most satisfactory. Three Entomologists of dif-
ferent countries have given different types of the
genus Bembidium ; Illiger refers to Paludosum
Panzer, Latreille to Striatum Fab., and De Jean to
Laterale Leach. Mr. Kirby in his Fauna Boreali
Americana, exalts Peryphus into a family, which
he denominates Peryphidse. In the following
Fabrician Carabidse the genera composing it will
be given.
Sp. 36. Mertdianus. — Now a Trechus of Clair-
ville. Latreille and De Jean use the term Acupal-
pus, and Erichson that of Bradycellus ; the
second name ought to be abandoned, although
used by the Prince of Entomologists.
Sp. 37. Testaceus. — Most likely an Epaphius of
Leach, and probably a pale variety of C. secalis. In
this opinion Mr. Stephens seems to accord. In a
note in the Synonymia Insectorum of Schonherr,
some additional remarks occur respecting this
species.
Sp. 41. 4>-maculatus, —Now belonging to the genus
Dromius ; according to my views Dromius should
be raised to the rank of a sub-family ; in habits
they are Lebiadous, and at first sight they may be
distinguished from the latter by their elongated
63
form, the elytra also rarely exceed the width of
the thorax, while in true Lehia they are very
considerably wider.
Dromiidje, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Demetrias, Bonelli
2. Dromius, Bonelli
3. Philorhizus, Hope
4. Syntomus, Hope
England
England
England
England
Car. Atricapillus, Linn.
Car. 4-inaculatus, Linn.
Car. Faseiatus^-Faft.
Car. Truncatellus, Fab.
It was my intention to have used the abandoned
term of Rizophilus applied by Dr. Leach to Deme-
trias ; as it might lead to further confusion I merely
transpose the word, adopting that of Philorhizus,
from (ptXos and pt^a. The species of the follow-
ing genera are apterous; as the types are well
known, there is no need of long generic characters,
the following may suffice.
Philorhizus, Hope.
Apterous, form oblong. Thorax, with its ante-
rior part wider than the posterior. The anterior
angles are rounded, while the latter are nearly
rectangular. The elytra at the apex are not so
abruptly truncated as in Dromius, and are gradually
rounded from the external sides till they meet the
suture.
64
Syntomus, Hope.
From o-vvto/jlo?, brevis. Apterous, body short,
contracted. The anterior part of the thorax
broader than the posterior, the latter sensibly
contracted, and differing from the former genus,
which has the angles of the thorax rectangular.
The elytra are remarkable for the shoulders being
rather prominent. I am acquainted with several
tropical species which require sub-division. They
occur in the Old and New Continents ; none are
recorded, I believe, as inhabiting the East Indies ;
they will, no doubt, occur in the Himalaya.
Sp. 44. Bimaculatus. — Now a Brachinus. This
last species will be found in the Mantissa Planta-
rum of Linneus, at page 532, and is the only Cara-
bideous insect therein mentioned. It will be seen
that I have omitted the tables of the genera
belonging to the families of Trechidae, Lebiadse,
&c. They were purposely passed by, as they will
appear in my remarks on the Fabrician Caraboidea,
where they will be associated with their allied
groups.
65
REMARKS AND ANNOTATIONS
FABRICIAN CARi\BOIDEA.
Cychrus, Fabricius.
Cychridve, Hope.
Species 1. Rostratus. — Now of the genus Cy-
chrus Fab. I am inclined to consider Cychrus as
entitled to be raised to the rank of a family j the
following genera pertaining to it.
Cychrid^e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Cychrus, Fabricius
Europe
Ten. Rostratus, Fab.
2.
Irichrous, Newman
N. America
Cych. Unicolor, Knock.
3.
Sphseroderus, I). J.
N. America
Sp. Lecontei, De Jean.
4.
Scaphinotus,Za£/-ei^e
N. America
Sc. Elevatus, Fab.
5.
Damaster, Kollar
Japan
Dam. Blaptoides, Kollar.
Nearly all the species of true Cychrus inhabit
northern climates ; they are few in number. The
same remarks will apply also to the three succeed-
F
66
ing genera. Damaster of Kollar, lately published
in the Vienna Transactions, belongs to warmer
regions. I have long been acquainted with a
specimen in this country, it was, however, in too
mutilated a state to describe. In the collection at
Leyden there are some specimens of the above
remarkable insect.
Sp. 3. Reflexus, — There are two insects bearing
the name of Reflexus, both of them belonging to
the Panagssidse. Pan. reflexus in my collection (was
obtained from Lee's Cabinet) and Cychrus reflexus,
which I am inclined to consider as a Panagseus,
rather than a Cychrus. It is remarkable that the
Fabrician locality is Germany, Olivier mentions
Coromandel, and Illiger, Sierra Leone ; of these
countries India appears the most likely. The
Baron De Jean erroneously in his last catalogue
makes Panagseus Tomentosus Z. J. and Cychrus
reflexus Fab. the same insect ; instead of being of
this opinion, I consider reflexus as the type of a
new genus, and as the figure in Olivier is execrable
it was better to re-figure it, in order that it may
be known. The generic name applied to the
species is Camptoderus, from Ka/nrrco and Seprj.
Vid. under Panagseidse some additional remarks.
Sp. 5. Unicolor. — This insect is ranked by De
67
Jean as a Cychrus. In my MSS. I formerly gave it
as the type of a new genus, as Mr. Newman, how-
ever, has lately published it, it is better to adopt
his appellation than create confusion by increase of
names, or even by adding to synonyma by pub-
lishing manuscript ones. In the 24th number of
the Entomological Magazine (April, 1838) at page
385, the generic characters are published.
Carabus, Fabricius.
Sp. 1. Scabrosus. — Now a Procerus. Under the
Linnean species of Carabus will be found the
Genera belonging to that particular family. As to
the species of Procerus, they are few in number.
For figures of them the student is referred to
Guerin's Magazine, Tab. 1, No. 9- To Brulle's
Morea, No. 149, pi. 33, fig. 4. To Olivier, pi. 7,
fig. 83; and lastly, to Adams. Mem. Soc. des
Natur. de Moscou, torn. 5, pi. 10, fig. 1 — 5,
Sp. 2. Coriaceus.— Now a Procrustes of Bonelli.
The species belonging to this genus are rather
more numerous than those of Procerus. For an
account of them, in addition to the former autho-
rities quoted above, consult Les Etudes Entomo-
logiques de Mons Laporte, De Jean's Species
general des Coleopteres ; the Horse Entomologicae,
f 2
68
by Charpentier ; and the Symbolse Physicse of Klug.
In Erichson's work, Die Kafer der Mark Bran-
denburg, there are concise generic characters given
of many of the Caraboidea. Vid. Procrustes, p. 11.
Sp. 5. Meyerlei. — Now of the genus Tefflus
Leach. Probably an error of the press, instead
of Megerlei.
Sp. 10. Carolinus. — This insect is not in the
Banksian collection ; it was originally described
from the Museum of Gigot d' Orcy ; it apparently
is unknown at present in Paris. From French
writers we may eventually expect some future notice
respecting the species, as well as the desired infor-
mation of what became of the Entomological part
of the Museum of the above personage.
Sp. 18. Hortensis. — This species is very subject
to be attacked by Filaria.
Sp. 20. Concolor. — Most likely a true Carabus.
Vid. Panzer, Ent. G. 1, p. 46, n. 10.
Sp. 23. Tcedatus. — There are two specimens
still to be found in the Banksian Cabinet. Olivier's
figure tolerably well represents the insect.
Sp. 27. Retusus. — This insect is evidently a
Calosoma ; the Fabrician reference to Olivier is
incorrect, it ought probably to be Oliv. Ins. 35,
p. 30. Tab. 10. fig. 113. The figure, however, is
69
larger than the real insect ; the species may vary
considerably in size.
Sp. 28. Madera. — This insect decidedly belongs
to the genus Calosoma ; more than forty species of
Calosoma have fallen under my inspection f* they
may be divided into two sections, like the Necro-
phori, those with straight, and those with crooked
tibiae.
Sp. 31. Splendens. — The locality mentioned by
Fabricius is erroneous. He describes it as from
the island of Jamaica, whereas, it is undoubtedly
an European species, occurring abundantly in the
Pyrenees.
Sp. 33. Suturalis. — This elegant insect, as it
is apparently unknown to Continental writers, is
worth figuring. Other species closely allied to it
from the same country, were brought to England
by my zealous friend and Entomologist, Mr. Charles
Darwin of Shrewsbury. The new species are
already described in a late number of the Entomo-
logical Transactions. Vol. ii. part 2, p. 128.
Sp. 36 and 37- — Granulatus and Cancellatus. —
There has been great confusion respecting these
species. It appears that Fabricius considered Gra-
nulatus Linn, the same as his Carabus cancellatus.
He applied, therefore, the Linnean name to ano-
70
ther species, which Illiger has very properly
changed to Cancellatus.
Sp. 41. Leucopthalmus. — Now an Omaseus of
Ziegler, and one of the genera composing the Fe-
roniadss of Latreille. I have hefore recorded my
opinion respecting this group. It requires a tho-
rough revision ; my friend, Dr. Eschscholtz, informed
me by letter that he had undertaken the arrange-
ment of these Carabidse, and had communicated
his views to the Baron De Jean. Is the De
Jeanian arrangement of the last Catalogue the
same as that of Dr. Eschscholtz ? if so, little im-
provement has been made. I subjoin a Table of
the various forms which may be classed together,
but not under the name of Feronia, which has
previously been used by Dr. Leach to designate a
dipterous genus. I propose, therefore, to change
the name of the goddess of the groves, for that of
one of the Muses, namely Thalia.
71
THALIADiE, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Sogines, Leach
England
C.
punctulatus, Fab.
2.
Psecilus, Bonelli
England
C.
Cupreus, Linneus.
3.
Argutor, Megerle
France
c.
Vemalis, Fabricius.
4.
Omaseus, Ziegler
England
c.
aterrimus, Fab.
5.
Steropus, Megerle
England
c.
madidus, Fab.
6.
Platysma, Sturm
England
c.
niger, Fab.
7.
Cophosus, Ziegler
Hungary
c.
Cylindricus, Herbst.
8.
Pterostichus, Bonelli
France
c.
fasciatopunctatus, Fab.
9.
Cheporus, Latreille
Austria
c.
Metallicus, Fab.
10.
Omalosoma, Hope
N. Holland
0.
Vigorsii, Hope.
11.
Abax, Bonelli
England
c.
Striola, Fab.
1-2.
Percus, Bonelli
Spain
c.
Navaricus, Latreille.
13.
Molops, Bonelli
England
c.
Terricola, Fab.
14.
Adelosia, Stephens
England
c.
Macer, Marsham.
1.5.
Stereocerus, Kirby
N. America
8.
similis, Kirby.
The last genus named Stereocerus by Mr. Kirby,
in the North American Fauna, appears to connect
those genera which have robust antennae, as Oma-
seus, &c. with those that have those organs more
slender, as Psecilus, &c. Its general aspect is that
of Curtonotus, but the intermediate tooth of the
labium is entire as in Bradytus ; we have therefore
in this genus, an interesting form, uniting the Tha-
liadee and Amaridse. Vide Fauna Boreali Ameri-
cana, page 34. I have not included Myas of De
Jean among the Thaliadse, as most likely it belongs
to a distinct familv, it is distinguished from the
72
latter by the terminal article of the labial palpi
being large and triangular : in the Thaliadss this
article is cylindrical. There are various other
points of difference which separate Myas from the
above group. The following genera, Abaris, II a-
thymus of De Jean, and Strigia and Heteracantha
of Brulle, probably belong to Thaliadae ; as I am
totally unacquainted with their forms, I defer
giving a decided opinion respecting them. Laporte,
I find, places Myas in the family of Trigonotomidse,
to it belong four genera, viz. Myas, Lesticus, Tri-
gonotoma, and Catadromus, they certainly are all
allied to Paecilus. For reference consult Audouin
and Brulle, and the writings of Laporte.
Sp. 43. Terricola. — Now a Pristonychus of De
Jean and of the family Dolichidse of Audouin and
Brulle. The following genera compose it, according
to the above authors, and to them they add Calathus,
which I detach.
(Dolichidse, Audouin and Brulle.)
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Synuchus, Gyllenh.
2. Pristodactyla, D. J.
3. Dolichus, Bonelli
4. Onypterygia, D. J.
England
N. America
Austria
S. America
C. Vivalis, Panzer.
P. Americana, De Jean.
C Flavicornis, Fabricius.
C Fulgens, De Jean.
73
I have purposely omitted the genus Calathus,
which, in habits, seems to differ from any of the
other genera. From the account given of Onypte-
rygia, it seems likely that that genus may belong
to a distinct family.
Sp. 44. Scrobiculatus. — Now a Platynus and
belonging to the family of Agonidse. Colpodes of
MacLeay probably belongs to the family of
Agonidse, Kirby.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Platynus, Bonelli
England
C. Angusticollis, Fabricius.
2.
Anchomenus, Bonelli
England
C Prasinus, Thunberg.
3.
Agonum, Bonelli
England
C. Marginatus, Linneus.
4.
Cardiomerus, Bassi
Sicily
C. Genei, Bassi.
5.
Euleptus, King
Madagascar
Eul. Geniculatus, Klug.
6.
Olisthopus, Be Jean
France
C. Rotundatus, Paykull.
7.
Odontonyx, Stephens
England
C. Rotundicollis, Marsham.
M. M. Audouin and Brulle add to the Agonidse
the genera Loxocrepis of Eschscholtz and Dyscolus
of De Jean ; the former belongs to the Lebiadse,
the latter seems altogether mis-located.
Sp. 47. Planus. — Now a Sphodrus of Clairville.
This genus was first separated from Carabus by
Clairville. Some modern writers have arranged
Sphodrus under the Agonidse, I have, in a former
page included Platynus under the Agonidse, and
74
stated my opinion that Sphodrus ought to rank as
a family. Pristonychus, which has been separated
from Sphodrus on account of its denticulated tarsi,
appears to connect the two families ; in habits I
regard it as a Sphodrus.
Sphodrid^e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Sphodrus, Clairville
2, Pristonychus, D. J.
3. Promecoderus, D. J.
4, Craterocerus, Hope
England
England
New Holland
New Holland
C. Leucopthalrnus, Linneus.
C. Terricola, Payhdl.
P. Brunnicornis, De Jean.
C. Brunnicornis, Hope.
In my MSS. I had given the name of Stereocerus
to this genus, which I am obliged to alter, as it is
previously used in Mr. Kirby's Fauna Boreali Ame-
ricana, page 34.
Sp. 48. Striatulus. — This insect appears to be
unknown to the Continental Entomologists ; it is a
Platysma, and somewhat like the species named PI.
cordicollis, by De Jean. It will be figured among
the Carabidae, among the new genera. I think
that it may be considered as the type of a sub-
genus, which will include many species of Pla-
tysma of the New World.
Sp. 52. Quadricolor. — Now a Chlsenius of Bo-
75
nelli, the genera comprising this family are few in
number ; the species may be subdivided artificially
into four sections. The first containing all the
maculated species, they appear common to Africa
and Asia. The second have the external edges
of the elytra margined with yellow. The third
division have the wings deeply sulcated ; and the
last are generally of uniform colour and spotless,
being either green or black ; to the latter section,
however, there are some few exceptions. The fol-
lowing genera belong to the family of Chlaenius.
Sarrothropoda, Kirby.
Chl^niadtE, Kirby.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Lissauchenius, MacLeay
Java
C.
Rufif emoratus, MacLeay.
■2.
Chlaenius, Bonelli
Italy
C.
Spoliatus, Rossi.
3.
Epomis, Bonelli
Italy
c.
Circumscriptus, Bonelli.
4.
Dinodes, Bonelli
France
c.
Azureus, Duftschmidt.
5.
Callistus, Bonelli
England
c.
Lunatus, Fabricius.
6.
Vertagus, De Jean
Senegal
V.
Buqueti, De Jean.
Sp. 52. Quadricolor. — Now a Chlaenius. I have
no doubt that it inhabits the East Indies, as General
Hardwicke had in his collection a species from
Bengal, which closely suited the Fabrician insect.
The locality of the Cape of Good Hope, mentioned
76
by De Jean, applies to a species resembling the
above, yet is certainly distinct.
Sp. 58. Femoralis. — Most probably a Chlsenius.
From the specimen in the Banksian Cabinet, there
can be little doubt of it.
Sp. 61. Spinibarbis. — Now a Leistus. I once took
this insect in immense numbers congregated together
under moss, in the cave of Caractacus, on the
Caradock in Shropshire.
Sp. 62. JEneocephalus. — In turning to the de-
scription in the Ent. Sys. p. 137, -56, it appears
that this insect is likely to be a Psecilus.
Sp. 63. Humeralis. — In the Tables the name of
Tarus has been given as including the insects allied
to the above species. Latreille's name of Cymindis
ought to have the preference on the claim of
priority.
Cymindid^e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
f Cymindis, Latreille
\ Tarus, Clairville
England
C.
Humeralis, Fabricius.
2.
Anomseus, Fischer
Russia
A.
Dorsalis, Fischer.
3.
Cymindoidea, Laporte
Senegal
c.
Bisignata, De Jean.
4.
Corsyra, De Jean
Siberia
C.
Fusula, Fischer.
5.
Calleida, De Jean
Senegal
C.
Fasciata, De Jean.
6.
Plochionus, De Jean
East Indies?
P
Bonsfilii, De Jean.
7.
J Cryptobatis, Esch.
( Aspasia, De Jean
Brazils
c.
Cyanoptera, De Jean.
77
This sub-family seems to be intimately connected
with Lebiadse ; there are yet wanting other links
more intimately to unite them. According to
Laporte, the Cymindidse follow the family Agridse,
and precede the Lebiadse ; from the latter family
I detach the genera Demetrias and Dromius, as will
be seen in a future page. The generic characters
of Anomseus will be found in the Entomographia
de la Russie, Vol. 1. page 124.
Sp. 67- Trilobus. — I can give no satisfactory
information respecting this insect j it inhabits Guinea
and was originally described by Fabricius, from
Isert's Cabinet.
Sp. 7^. Cinctus. — Now a Chlsenius of Bonelli ;
Car. Xanthocrus of Wiedeman, is the same insect,
and inhabits the East Indies. C. cinctus Olivier is
distinct, and an European species.
Sp. 75. Hufipes. — Now a Patrobus of Megerle,
and belonging to the Feronians of Latreille. I am
inclined to range with the following genera, Cre-
macanthus of Gray.
Patrobid^, Kirby.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Patrobus, Megerle
2. Baripus, D. J.
3. Cnemacanthus, Gray
England
Brazils
New Holland
Car. Rufipes, Fabricius.
B. Rivalis, Gertnar.
C. Gibbosus, Gray.
78
Monsieur Audouin suspects that the original word
was Petrobus, and not Patrobus, signifying that
these insects live chiefly under stones. The Pa-
trobidse are connected on one hand with the Pogo-
nidse and with Broschidse on the other.
Sp. 76. Elegans. — Probably a Catascopus, and
one of the genera of the family of the Pericallidse
Hope. At page 105 of this manual will be found
a table of the genera belonging to it. Little is
known respecting the habits of Catascopus I con-
sider that in warm climates it takes the place which
Elaphrus does in our northern regions. The
species are chiefly blue or green, and are more nu-
merous than is generally imagined.
The genera of this family evidently approach the
Elaphridse, and certainly have a close affinity with
them. The situation in which they are placed by
the Baron De Jean, namely, before the Anthiadse,
is clearly anything but a natural arrangement.
Sp. 79- Tenuicollis. — Fabricius mentions this
insect as inhabiting the Cape of Good Hope and
the East Indies. The former appears to be its
correct locality ; probably two species have been
alluded to.
Sp. 80. Rujicollis. — Now a Calleida of De Jean.
There is a doubt respecting the country of this
79
insect. In Dr. Hunter's Cabinet, South America
is mentioned ; I believe it to be from Africa, and
agree with Fabricius.
Sp. 82. Modestus. — Now a Peryphus of Megerle.
Mr. Kirby considers the insects allied to Peryphus,
as affording sufficient characters to entitle them
to the rank of a family, the following genera com-
pose it : —
Subulipalpia, Kirhy.
Peryphid.^:, Kirby.
Genera.
1. Peryphus, Megerle
2. Lopha, Megerle
3. Eudromus, Kirby
4. Tachyta, Kirby
Country.
England
France
North America
North America
Typical Species.
Car. Littoralis. Olivier.
4-maculata, Linneus.
E. Nitidus, Kirby.
T. Picipes, Kirby.
Mr. Kirby, in the Fauna Boreali Americana,
states that the Peryphidse are distinguished from
the Bembidiidse, not only by the shape of the
thorax, but by having the apex and sides of the
elytra nearly smooth, or with obliterated furrows.
The latter family is also distinguished from the
Peryphidse by the elytra having the typical number
of furrows, none being obliterated. — Vid. page 52
and 5J.
Sp. 88. Bisbiguttatus. — Now a Brachinus. A
80
specimen will be found in the Banksian Cabinet.
(Vid. Olivier's figure.) The above species is .evi-
dently the same insect asBrachinus 4-pustulatus Fab.
Sp. 93. Festinans. — This insect now belongs to
the genus Calleida De Jean. There are several
other green species from North and South America
which are allied to C. festinans Fab.
Sp. 94. Cephalotes. — Now a Broschus of Panzer
and of the family Broschidse : the following genera
pertain to it.
Broschid^e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Broschus, Panzer
a f Miscodera, Esch.
' \ Oncoderus, Stephens
3. Stomis, Clairville
England
England
England
Car. Cephalotes, Linn.
C Arcticus, Paykull.
C. Pumicatus, Illiger.
Other species of Broschus from the East Indies
and New Holland will eventually form sub-genera.*
Sp. 9<5. Megacephalus. — This is now the type of
the genus Camptoscelis of De Jean. The Carabus
Hottentottus of Olivier is only a synonym of Mega-
cephala Fab. It seems closely to approach to the
Broschidse, and may unite them to the Thaliadae.
* I have in my collection also some allied genera from the Swan
River, belonging to this family. They will be described in the
Fauna Australasian
Sp. 96. Interruptus. — Now a Ditomus of Bonelli.
M. M. Audouin and Brulle give a table of the
genera and sub-genera of Ditomidse. With some
of the insects I am acquainted, and therefore, only
remark, at present, that there appears in their
arrangement an union of forms which belong to
families very different to the true Ditomus. The
Morionidse unite this family with the Scaritidse.
DiTOMiDiE, Audouin.
Genera-
Country.
Typical Species.
1
' nitomus, Bonelli
Distomus, Leach
_ Aristus, Ziegler
France
England
France
S. Calydonius, Rossi.
Dis. Leachii, Samouelle.
Dit. Fulvipes, Lot.
2.
Carterus, De Jean
Portugal
C. Interceptus, De Jean.
3.
Glyptus, Brulle
East Indies
Gl. Sculptilis, Brulle.
4.
Melsenus, De Jean
Senegal
Mel. Elegans, De Jean-
5.
Coscinia, De Jean
Egypt
Cos. Schuppelii, De Jean.
6.
Apotomus, LatreUle
Italy
Ap. Rufus, Rossi.
Sp. 100. Impressus. — Formerly a R embus of
Latreille, as Germar in his Species Insectorum
has applied this name to one of the Curculionidse.
It has been changed by Brulle to Diplocheila, from
8l7t\oo? and x€L^°?> signifying, double -lipped. The
following genera belong to the family of Licinidse.
82
LiciNiDiE, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1 . Licinus, Latreille
England
C.
Agaricola, Olivier.
2. Badister, Clairville
England
C.
2-pustulatus, Fab.
3. Trimofphus, Stephens
England
T.
Scapularis, Stephens.
. f Diplocheila, Brulle
\ Rembus, Latreille
East Indies
C.
Impressus, Fabricius.
5. Dicoelus, Bonelli
North America
D
Violaceus, Bonelli.
6. Asporina, Laporte
Brazils
A
Gigantea, Laporte.
1 . Oocles, Bonelli
England
C
Helopoides, Fab.
Sp. 105. Gibbus. — Now belonging to the genus
Zabrus. The insects belonging to this genus are
evidently vegetable feeders ; they are at present ar-
ranged with the Amaridse, as in habits they are
closely allied to them. It is likely that at some
future period they will be raised to the rank of a
family. The genera Curtonotus and Bradytus of
Stephens occur in North America and Europe. I
am not aware however of any yet discovered genus
in the New World which approaches Zabrus of
Europe, such a form may naturally be expected to
occur.
Sp. 111. Globosus. — It is with doubt that I range
this insect under Steropus, it was originally de-
scribed by Fabricius from Sehestedt's Cabinet.
Sp. 117- Posticus. — Probably a Chlaenius, as the
general description agrees with many species of
83
that genus. It inhabits the East Indies, and is
to be found in Daldorff's collection in Copen-
hagen. Mr. MacLeay regards it as a Lissau-
chenius.
Sp. 118. Micans. — Evidently a Chlsenius. Olivier
gives Senegal as the locality of this insect, which
is an error, as I have received it from Bengal,
which is the same country that Fabricius has men-
tioned.
Sp. 119. Notula. — Most probably a Chlsenius.
The species referred to by Fabricius is Micans, which
according to Olivier's figure is a Chlsenius, " statura
omnino micantis" warrants the conclusion.
Sp. 121, 12% and 123.— From the brief Latin
descriptions of the above species, I am inclined to
consider them as belonging to Chlsenius. They
were originally described from the cabinets of
Daldorff, Lund, and Sehestedt, as to C. Stigma it
may probably be a Planetes of MacLeay.
Sp. 126. Binotatus. — Now an Anisodactylus of
De Jean, who has very properly detached it from
true Harpalus. Although the Harpalidse have been
studied by many individuals, few have satisfactorily
arranged them. The Tables which have been pub-
lished byM. M. Audouin and Brulle contain the Ste-
nolophidse, which appear to connect Harpalus and
g 2
84
Trechus. The following are the genera and sub-
genera belonging to the «,
Harpalid^:.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Anisodactylus, De Jean
Portugal
C. Binotatus, Fdbricius.
'2.
GynandromorphuSj-D../.
Italy
C. Etruscus, Schonherr.
3.
Geobsenus, De Jean
P. B. S.
G. Lateralis, De Jean.
4.
Harpalus, Latreille
England
C. Ruficornis, Fab?-icius.
5.
Pangus, De Jean
Germany
Harp. Scaritides, Sturm.
6.
Actephilus, Stephens
England
C. Vernalis, Dufls.
7.
Bradybsenus
Senegal
C. Scalaris, Olivier.
8.
Hypolithus, De Jean
Senegal
C. Saponarius, Olivier.
9.
Ophonus, Ziegler
England
Harp. Sabulicola, Panzer.
10.
Selenopborus, De Jean
jST. America
C. Palliatus, Fabricius.
11.
Geodromus, De Jean
Senegal
G. Dumolini, De Jean.
1-J.
Gynandropus, De Jean
N. America
G. Americanus, De Jean.
13.
Diachromus, Esch.
Germany
C. Germanus, Linneus.
14.
Cratocerus, De Jean
Brazils
C. Monilicornis, De Jean.
15.
Soinoplatus, De Jean
Senegal
S. Substriatus, De Jean.
16.
Axinotoma, De Jean
Senegal
Ax. Fallax, De Jean.
The genera belonging to the Harpalidse must
still be considerably increased. This family, very
diversified in form and rich in species, will afford
ample employment to any individual bold enough to
undertake it. It will be observed that I omit Para-
mecus, and place it with the Acinopidse ; Acupal-
pus and Stenolophus belong also to another family.
The latter may be considered as the genus which
unites them.
Sp. 127. Fulvicollis. — Now a Lebia of Latreille.
The following genera appear to belong to the Le-
85
biadse, after detaching the sub-families Dromiidse,
Cymindidse, and Pericallidae.
Lebiadje, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Lamprias, Bonelli
England
C. Cyanocephalus,2/f«/!eiis.
2.
Lebia, Latreille
England
C. Crux minor, Linneus.
3.
Physodera, Esch.
Manilla
C. De Jeanii, Esch.
4.
Cbelouodema, Laporte
Brazils
C. Variabilis, Laporte.
5.
Onypterygia, De Jean
East Indies
0. Fulgens, De Jean.
6.
Orthogonius, MacLeay
East Indies
O. Duplicatus, Wiedem.
7.
Hexagonia, Kirby
East Indies
Hex. Terminata, Kirby.
8.
Aploa, Hope
East Indies
Ap. Picta, Hope.
9.
Coptodera, De Jean
Cuba
C. Festiva, De Jean.
The above genera belong to the Lebiadas. There
are wanting particular forms which may more satis-
factorily connect them together. Aploa is between
Cymindis and Lebia, Hexagonia is quite an anomaly.
I suspect that New Holland is the country from
whence this insect comes, and not the East Indies.
Sp. 131. Lcetus. — This insect, in the Appendix
to the fourth volume of Fabricius, is compared to
C. Lepidus, which is evidently a Psecilus.
Sp. 136. Camifex. — Now an Antarctia, and one
of the genera belonging to the Amaridse : for an
account of other species the reader is referred to
the Species General des Coleopteres by De Jean, to
the works of Eschscholtz, and Germar, and also to
the Voyage du Bresil par M. M. Spinx et Martius.
86
It is not unlikely that some of the species of Amara,
described by Mr. Kirby in the Fauna Boreali
Americana, belong to Antarctia.
Sp. 137. Vulgaris. — Now an Amara of Bonelli ;
and the typical genus of the family Amaridse.
Amaridje, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Amara, Bonelli
England
C Vulgaris, Linneus.
2.
Oodes, Bonelli
England
C. Helopioides, Fabricius.
3.
Acrodon, Zimm.
Sweden
H. Brunneus, Gyll.
4.
Celia, Zimm.
Germany
II. Bifrons, Gyll.
5.
Bradytus, Stephens
England
C. Ferrugineus, Fabricius.
6.
J Curtonotus, Stephens ^
I Leirus, Megerle S
England
C. Conve.xiusculus, Marsh.
7.
Percosia, Zimm.
Sicily
Per. Sicula, Be Jean.
8.
Leiocnemis, Zimm.
Caucasus
L. Cordicollis, Menetries
9.
Amathites, Zimm.
Egypt
A. iEgyptia, Klug.
JO.
Antarctia, De Jean
Buenos Ayres
An. Carnifex, Fabricius.
11.
Lophidius, De Jean
Sierra Leone
L. Testaceus, De Jean.
To the above genera might also be added Zabrus,
as this genus has been considered worthy of family
distinction by Zimmerman, in his valuable Mono-
graph. I give the genera composing it.
Zabrid^e, Zimmerman.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Eutroctes, Zimm.
S. Russia
E. Congener, Zimm.
2.
Zabrus, Clairville
England
Car. Gibbus, Fabricius.
3.
S Pelorus, Bonelli
' Pelobatus, Fischer
}
Austria
Bl. Spinipes, Fabricius.
4.
Polysitus, Zimm.
Asia Minor ?
P. Farctus, Zimm.
5.
Acorius, Zimm.
Egypt
A. Metallescens, Zimm.
87
For an abstract of the genera of Amaridae, the
reader is referred to the Faunus of Gistl, published
at Munich in 1832.
Sp. 139. Integer. — This insect is compared with
C. Latus ; Vid. Sys. Supp. 58. 128. It is most
likely therefore a Bradytus, which occurs in North
America.
Sp. 144. Uelopioides. — Now an Oodes of Bonelli.
For an account of the species belonging to this
genus consult the 2nd and 3rd volumes Des Annales
de la Societe Entomologique de France, Germar's
Magazine, and the Zoological Atlas by Eschscholtz.
In my own collection are three nondescripts from
New Holland.
Sp. 147. Erythrocephalus. — This is the same
insect as Nebria picicornis. Erichson, however,
states that it is only a variety of Harpalus fulvipes.
Sp. 148. Analis. — Probably a Leistus. Erichson
makes it a variety of Bradytus apricarius.
Sp. 149- Lineola. — An Agonoderus of De Jean ;
and one of the genera composing the Acinopidse of
M. M. Audouin and Brulle. I add their Tables,
as some of the genera are unknown to me.
88
Acinopid^e, Audouin.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Acinopus, De Jean
France
C. Picipes, Olivier.
2,
Bucephalus, Laporte
P. B. S.
Euc. Capensis, Laporte.
3.
Amblygnathus, DeJean
Cayenne
Amb. Cephalotes, De Jean.
4.
Platymetopus, De Jean
Senegal
PL Notitus, De Jean.
5.
Barysomus, De Jean
Mexico
B. Hopfneri, De Jean.
6.
Cratognathus, De Jean
Buenos Ayres
C. Mandibularis, De Jean.
7.
Daptus, Fischer
Russia
D. Vittatus, Fischer.
8.
Agonoderos, De Jean
North America
C. Lineola, Fabricins.
9.
Paramecus, De Jean
Monte Video
P. Cylindricus, De Jean.
10.
Cratacantlius, De Jean
North America
C. Pensylvanicus, De Jean.
11.
Hippolaetis, Laporte
Senegal
Hip. Rufa, Laporte.
Sp. 151. Pallidas. — This insect, according to
Paykull, is considered a variety of (Brady tus) ferru-
gineus Fab. ; in the Banksian Cabinet this species
is Plochionus Bonsiilii.
Sp. 153. Surhiamensis. — This insect was described
from Lund's Cabinet, in the Ent. Syst. p. 156.
There is added, "statura omnino C. pallens ut
duplo fere minor," leaving us in doubt where to
place it.
Sp. 154. Dorsiger. — I can find no account of this
species in any modern author ; it was described from
Vahl's collection.
Sp. 161. Discoideus. — Erichson makes this insect
a true Harpalus, and synonymous with H. Petifii
and Smaragdinus, Duft.
89
Sp. 163. Vestitus. — This is the same species as
C. marginatum of Linneus. The latter name should
be adopted.
Sp. 166. Quadrum. —Now a Tetragonoderus of
De Jean ; and one of the genera belonging to Ste-
noiophidee.
Stenolophid^e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Stenolophus, Ziegler
England
C. Vaporariorum, Linneus.
2. Masoreus,* Ziegler
England
M. Luxatus, De Jean.
3. Amphasius, Newman.
N. America
A. Fulvicollis, Newman.
TTrechus, Clairville
4x Acupalpus, Latreille
^ Bradycellus, JErichson
England
C. Meridianus, Linneus.
Sweden
Harp, placidus, Gyll.
5. Blemus, Ziegler
England
C. Discus, Fabricius.
6. Epaphius, Leach
England
C. Secalis, Panzer.
7. iEpus, Leach
England
2Ep. Fulvescens, Leach.
8. Tetragonoderus, De Jean
Senegal
C. Quadrum, Fabricius.
9. Lachnophorus, De Jean
Cayenne
L. impressus, Brulle.
10. Aretharia, Say
N. America
A. Type unknown.
Mr. Kirby in his Fauna Boreali Americana has
given us two families, the StenolophideB and Tre-
chidse. Stenolophus certainly appears closely allied
to the Harpalidse, and conduct us on to Trechidse,
as these sub-families are most intimately connected
I have thrown them together. The genus Ampha-
sia Newman is another link between Masoreus and
Harpalus, as all the other genera terminate in us,
Amphasia as well as Aretharia should do the same.
* For an account of the Species of Masoreus, Vid. Gistl's
Faunus, page 1 19.
90
For an account of the generic characters of the for-
mer genus, vide 24th number of the Entomological
Magazine for April 1838.
Sp. 168. Rujibarbis. — This insect by several per-
sons has been considered as a Leistus of Frolich ;
in Die Kafer der Mark Brandenburg, Erichson as-
serts it to be a variety of Harpalus fulvipes ; vide
page 50, Erster Band.
Sp. 169. Flavilabris. — Probably a Dioryche Mac-
Leay, or rather a Colpodes ? This insect was described
from Daldorff's Cabinet : in the Supplement occurs
" affinis C. palliato (Selonophoro D.J.) at distinctus
et paullo major, elytra striata apice sinuata." It is
evident from the above description that it cannot
be a Selonophorus ; Mr. MacLeay therefore is pro-
bably right in his conjectures, as far as relates to
the genus. (Vide Annul. Javan. page 22.)
Sp. 17I. Lividus. — Described originally from
Lund's Cabinet ; and is most likely an immature
Amara.
Sp. 173. Notulatus. — From the Fabrician descrip-
tion I consider this insect a Panagseus. Mr. Mac-
Leay in his Annulosa Javanica regards it as allied
to Dromius.
Sp. I76. Crux major. — Certainly a Panagseus ;
the following genera belong to the family Pana-
geeidae.
91
PANAGiEID^E, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Loricera, Latreille
England
C. Pilicornis, Fabricius.
2.
Panagseus, Latreille
England
C. Crux niajor, Linneus.
3.
Eurysoma, Oberleitner
Brazils 1
E. Tenebroides, Klug.
4.
Tefflus, Leach
Senegal
T. Megerlei, Leach.
5.
Coptia, Laporte
Cayenne
C. Armata, Laporte.
6.
Dercylus, Laporte.
Brazils
Ater, Laporte.
7.
Brachygnathus, Perty
S. America
B. Festivus, Perty.
8.
Geobius, De Jean
Buenos Ayres
G. Pubescens, De Jean.
9.
Craspedophorus, Hope
Coromandel
C. Reflexus, Fabricius.
10.
Pelecium, Kirby
Brazils
P. Cyanipes, Kirby.
11.
Eripus, De Jean
Mexico
E. Scydmsenoides, DeJean.
The above genera, according1 to modern arrange-
ment, belong to the Panagseidae. Tefflus, by Brulle
and Audouin, is justly located ; but I cannot agree
with them concerning Pamborus, which if it does
not belong to the Carabidse, must naturally belong-
to a peculiar family, which I would name Pambo-
ridae. Some of the genera of this group are un-
known. Should it turn out that there is a differ-
ence in the thorax of the sexes, it must be arranged
de novo.
Sp. 177* Crux minor. — -In the Banksian Cabinet
the species labelled Crux minor is evidently Steno-
lophus vaporariorum ; there are two specimens re-
maining.
Sp. 178. Vittatus. — Now a Lebia of Latreille, it
92
was described originally from the cabinet of the un-
fortunate Yeats. I cannot learn what became of his
collection. There is in the library of the Linnean
Society a presentation copy of Yeats's Institutions of
Entomology, which was given to Sir James Smith,
the president. The marginal illustrations are co-
loured by Mr. Sydenham Edwards, and are far supe-
rior to any entomological drawings of that period.
Sp. 180. Angulatus. — This species has in later
years been described under the name of Panagseus
tomentosus, Vid. Zool. Journal. The Baron De
Jean gives, in his last Catalogue, Cychrus reflexus
Fab. as a variety of Panagaeus tomentosus ; the
species differ entirely.
Sp. 190. Velox. — The specimens in the Banksian
Cabinet labelled Velox are only varieties of Ancho-
menus sordidus, Marsham.
Sp. 192. PrcBustus. — Schonherr, in his note relat-
ing to this species, writes, " sive idem ac C. rufes-
cens sive varietas C. 4-maculati vix enim species
distincta," vid. p. 213, 257- Illiger is of opinion
that it is only a variety of C. 4-maculatus.
Sp. 194. Lwiatus. — Now a Callistus. I have
lately received from the East Indies a species of this
genus, which I name pulchellus ; I am not aware
of its previous occurrence in Asia.
93
Sp. 196. Cursor. — Apparently a variety of C.
micros Herbst, which is at the present day a
Trechus.
Sp. 198. Vapor ariorum. — Now a Stenolophus of
Ziegler. In the Banksian Cabinet, the insect
labelled as Vaporariorum is Anchomenus prasinus.
Sp. 201. Comma. — Probably an Agonoderus.
This insect was originally described from Drury's
collection ; it has never, I believe, been figured, and
has scarcely been mentioned in any other entomo-
logical work but that of Illiger, who considers it a
variety of Agon, furcatum, or C. lineola Fab.
Sp. 211. Smaragdulus. — From the Fabrician de-
scription, and locality, I am inclined to consider
this insect as a Catascopus.
Sp. 213. Testaceus. — Now an Epaphius of Dr.
Leach, and most likely a pale variety of C. secalis.
Vid. Stephens's Illustrations of British Entomology.
Sp. 215. Abbreviatus. — Fabricius in his Eleuthe-
ratorum adds a note to this species, " Nullo modo
Staphylinus caraboides hue pertinet." Abbreviatus
Fab. is only a synonym of St. caraboides, Linn. ii.
635. By many this insect is considered as a link
uniting the Carabidae and Brachelytra.
Sp. 222. Truncatellus. — The type of the genus
Philorhyzus Hope, one of the genera of the sub-
family of Dromiidse. The two following species
94
may be mentioned as pertaining to it, D. foveolus
of Stephens, and D. punctatellus of De Jean ; others
also will be found in our northern European collec-
tions. For an account of the British Dromii, consult
Mr. Babington's Monograph in the Entomological
Transactions of London, vol. i.e. 80, 1.
CARABID.E FABRICIAN.E.
Caraboidea, Hope.
Having finished my observations on the species
of Cychrus and Carabus, mentioned by Fabricius,
I should pass to Manticora, which appears next on
the Tables among the Carabideous genera, but as
it has already been treated of as a distinct family
under the name of Manticoridse ; the next group
we have to consider are the Scaritida^. The genera
pertaining to it are as follows :
Scaritid^e, Leach.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Pasimachus, Bonelli
N. America
S.
Depressus, Fabricius.
2.
Scapterus, De Jean
East Indies
S.
Guerini, Be Jean.
3.
Acanthoscelis, Latreille
P. B. S.
S.
Ruficornis, Fabricius.
4.
c Carenum, Bonelli
{ Armidius, Leach
New Holland
1
C
Cyaneum, Fabricius.
5.
Oxygnathus, Be Jean
East Indies
s.
Elongatus, Wiedem.
6.
Eutomus, Newman
New Holland
E
Tinctilatus, Neioman.
7.
Scarites, Fabricius
S. France
S.
Gigas, Olivier.
8.
Oxystomus, Latreille
Brazils
Ox. Cylindricus, Be Jean.
9.
Camptodontus, Be Jean
Cayenne
c.
Cayennensis, Be Jean.
10.
Clivina, Latreille
England
C.
Arenaria, Fabricius.
11.
Dyschirius, Panzer
England
s.
Gibbus, Fabricius.
95
Genus 5. Oxygnathus, De Jean.
I formerly gave to this germs the name of Arpe-
phorus, which had better be abandoned ; it is con-
sequently not inserted in the Tables.
Genus 6. Eutomus, Newman.
For the generic characters of this genus, the
reader is referred to the Entomological Magazine
of the year 1838, No. 22, page 170.
Fabrician Scaritid^e.
Sp. 3. Testaceus. — Schonherr still retains this
insect among the Scaritidse ; from the description
it appears to be an immature specimen, the species
being almost invariably black.
Sp. 6, 10, 12. — These insects are all of them
deposited in the Museum at Copenhagen, where we
may be enabled to glean further intelligence re-
specting them ; apparently they are unknown to
most Entomologists.
Sp. 18. Cursor. — Not unlikely to turn out an
immature variety of a species of Dyschirius.
Sp. 19. Aralis. — Probably the type of a new
genus, as the thorax is mentioned as being serrated.
This insect was collected in the East by the inde-
fatigable Forskahl.
96
Calosoma, Fabricius.
Amongst my remarks on the Linnean Caraboidea
will be found a Table of the genera of the Carabidse.
I have only to observe, before entering on the spe-
cies, that Fabricius included under Calosoma, the
Heteromerous genus Adelium, mistaking analogy
for affinity. I have only alluded to three species
in the Tables ; ten are recorded by Fabricius, as to
the rest they require no further notice.
Sp. 6. Sericeum. — This insect occurs at Hambro*
and in Russia, and in various parts of Germany,
enjoying an extended range. De Jean makes
Cal. Caspium Fischer a variety of the above. It
seems doubtful if C. auropunctatum can be con-
sidered as the same species. Dr. Fischer adds a
sub-genus Callisthenes, which may be regarded as
one of Calosomidous genera. Type, C. Panderi.
Sp. 10. Lonyicornis. — This species of Calosoma
appears to be unknown to most of the Continental
collectors, not having occurred since the days of
Fabricius ; it was originally described from Sehes-
tedt's Cabinet, on the authority of Schousboe, the
locality is Morocco. This species was accidentally
omitted in my Tables ; it is too late now to alter
the press.
97
Galerita, Fabricius.
The passage from the Cicindeloidea to the Cara-
boidea, by Mr. Kirby's arrangement, is through the
family of Agridse ; by Mr. Stephens' method, by the
Dryptidse ; and according to the Comte de Castel-
neau, by means of Odacanthidse. It is immaterial
by which family we proceed, each of them bearing
a close affinity to the other. De Jean, in his last
Catalogue, proceeds from the Collyridae to the
Odacanthidse : as this plan accords not with the
Fabrician arrangement but with my views, we will
first examine the genera of Dryptidse, and then the
remaining allied families.
Dryptid^, Hope.
Genera.
1. Zuphium, Latreille
2. Polistichus, Bonelli
i Diaphorus, De Jean i
' I Pseudaptinus, Lap. S
4. Drypta, Fabricius
5. Trichognathus, Latreille
6. Eunostus, Laporte
7. Galerita, Fabricius
8. Schidonychus, King
9. Desera, Leach
Country.
I'ypical Species.
Italy
G. Olens, Fabricius.
England
G. Fasciolatus, Fabricius.
Cayenne
D. Lecontei, De Jean.
England
D. Emarginata, Fabricius.
Brazils
T. Marginatus, Guerin.
Madagascar
E. Latreillii, Laporte.
N. America
G. Americana, Fabricius.
Brazils
S. Brasiliensis, Klug.
Morocco
Cylindricollis, Fabricius.
Such are the genera belonging to the Dryptidse
at present ; Fabricius, among the species of his
H
98
Galerita, adds two insects belonging to other fami
lies, viz. Planetes and Siagona. «,
Sp. 2. Attelaboides. — This species is evidently a
Galerita ; from examining the specimen in the
Banksian Cabinet, I find that it closely approaches
in its form Gal. Africana D.J., of which species I am
inclined to think it the other sex. It may be stated
that the thorax of Attelaboides is similar to Gal. uni-
color D, J. ; the insect is all black, its elytra are
not so broad as the true Africana ; instead of
adding the locality of India, I suspect it to be from
Sierra Leone.
Sp. 3. Hirta. — This insect is an Omphra of
Leach, a Planetes of MacLeay, and pertains to the
family of Helluonidse ; the table of the genera com-
posing it will be found at the end of the Fabrician
Caraboidea. At page 215 of the Eleutheratorum
there is a singular remark, after stating that Hirta
inhabits Tranquebar, the description is given and
terminated thus, " Character generis e Gal. Ameri-
cana desumptus." It may here be remarked that
Galerita has never been found in the East Indies ;
the genus alluded to is evidently one of the Helluo-
nidse and a Planetes of MacLeay. I think it will
be found eventually that all the species of Helluo
of the New World differ generally from those of
99
the Old Continent. The true type of the genus
Helluo is H. Costatus Leach, a New Holland insect,
differing entirely from other Asiatic species.
Sp. 5, 6, 7» & 8, belong to the Siagonidse. The
two genera belonging to this sub-family are Ence-
ladus of Bonelli, and Siagona of Latreille. It seems,
according to Laporte, that Lsevigatus, (Ent. Syst.
p. 143, No. 86), is an Enceladus, the country of it
is probably Cayenne.
Brachinus, Fabricius.
The genera belonging to this family, according
to the French writers, are the following ;
Brachinid^,
Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1 . Pheropsophus, Solier
St. Domingo
B. Complanatus, Fabricins
2. Brachinus, Weber
England
Car. Crepitans, Linneus.
3. Aptinus, Bonelli
Austria
C. Mutilatus, Fab?*icius,
4. Pseudaptinus, Laporte
Brazils
P. Albicornis, Laporte.
r f Ictinus, Laporte
^Pachyteles, Perty
Cayenne
Ic. Rogerii, Be Jean.
S. America
P. Striola, Perty.
6. Nomius, Laporte
East Indies ?
N. Graecus, Laporte.
( Physea, Brulle
| Trachelizus, Solier
Brazils
T. Rufus, Solier.
The four first genera of this family may be
considered as true Brachinidse, the remaining three
will eventually no doubt be formed into a sub-
family, as they most probably belong to the
Ozamidae.
h 2
100
Pheropsophus, Solier.
This genus includes all the gigantic species
of Brachinus Fab. ; they are chiefly from exotic and
tropical countries, black and yellow being the pre-
dominating colours ; the lateral margins of the
wings are strongly elevated.
Brachinus. Weber.
The insects belonging to true Brachinus are
small in size compared with Pheropsophus; the
prevailing colours are red and green ; the elytra are
rarely so deeply striated as in the latter genus.
For references to the four remaining genera con-
sult Audouin et Brulle's Hist. Nat. des Insectes,
vol. 1. page 240. L'Histoire Nat. des Anim.
Articules par Laporte de Castelneau, Livaraison 9,
and refer also to page 108 of this number.
Fabrician Species.
Sp. 1. 0,-maculatus. — In the tables this insect is
given as a Brachinus, it is a Pheropsophus of
Solier.
Sp. 2. Nigripennis. — Now an Aptinus. De
Jean thinks this insect the same as Fastigiatus of
Olivier ; it is no longer a matter of doubt that
101
Fastigiatus of Fabricius is the same as Olivier's
insect.
Sp. 6. 3-pustulatus. — This insect cannot be con-
sidered an Helluo; the specimens in the Bank sian
Cabinet are decidedly of the genus Pheropsophus.
In terminating my observations on the Brachi-
nidse, it may be stated with regard to the habits
of these insects, that the European species live
chiefly beneath stones, they are gregarious, and
live, as far as I have observed, chiefly on the
roots of grass. I have known a dead individual
remain a long period, untouched by its confederates,
living beneath the same stone. Westermann in-
forms us that the larger species in India, allied to
Bimaculatus live beneath the bark of Palm trees,
probably the whole of them are naturally vegetable
feeders ; one part deriving nutriment by sucking
grasses, the other feeding more particularly on the
luscious sap of trees.
Anthia, Fabricius.
As the table of the genera belonging to this
sub-family has been given in my observations on
the Caraboidea of Linneus, I shall merely remark
on the species.
102
Sp. 4. 6-guttata. — The type of the genus
Pachymorpha, a new species lately received from
the East Indies, will be figured among the new
genera at the end of this part of the Manual.
Sp. 12. Umbraculata. — This species is little
known, from the description of the joints of the
antennae being compressed, it is probable that
Brulle derived his notion of the genus Piezia. It is
not unlikely that the above species will prove to be
his P. axillaris. For an account of the species
of Anthia, refer to Lequien's monograph of that
genus.
Agra, Fabricius.
Mr. Kirby raises Agra to the rank of a family,
uniting it with Casnonia ; Laporte more suitably
ranges the latter genus with Odacanthidee ; he
considers Agra as belonging to the Ctenodactylides,
preferring Mr. Kirby's term on many accounts,
but more particularly as Agra is the typical genus
of the family. I consider Ctenodactyla in the light
of an allied ffenus.
A
cjridyE, Kirby.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
). Agra, Fabricius
2. Ctenodactyla, De Jean
Cayenne
Carolina
A. iEnea, Fabricius.
Ct. Chrevrolatii.
103
With regard to Agra it may very properly be
subdivided into three sections, according as the
species are toothed at the extremity of the wings,
and into a fourth where the dentation is evanescent.
There are about 50 known species in the European
cabinets, for an account of them Vid. Etudes
Entomologiques, by Laporte, vol. 1. page 45.
Sp. 3. Attelaboides. — The Baron De Jean has
stated his opinion that this is an American insect.
I have received it from the East Indies and can
therefore substantiate the authority of Fabricius,
he describes it with a remark, " Habitat in India
Orientali, Praecedenti affinis videtur, an satis dis-
tincta;" the dentation at the extremity of the wings
of Agra settles the question. I regard it as the
type of a new genus closely allied to Casnonia, and
consequently belonging to the Odacanthidse instead
of Agra.
Odacantha, Fabricius.
The following genera belong to the Odacanthidse,
Monsieur Laporte de Castelneau is the first person
who raised it to the rank of a family.
104
Odacanthidve, Laporte.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Casnonia, Latreille
N. America
C. Pensylvanica, Fabricius.
j Casnoidea, Laporte ]
i Ophionea, Klug J
East Indies
C. Cyanocephala,.Fff&r/e£«s.
3. Lasiocera, _De «/ea?j
Senegal
L, Nitidula, Be Jean.
J Leptotraclielus, Lot. "1
(. Spheracia, Say J
N. America
Lep. Dorsalis, Fabricius.
5. Rhagocrepis, i?sc/«.
Brazils
R. Riedelii, Eschscholtz.
6. Stenidia, Brulle
Senegal
St. Unicolor, Brulle.
7. Stenocheila, Laporte
Cayenne
St. Lacordairei, Laporte.
8. Odacantha, Fabricius
England
Att. Melanurus, Linneus.
( Cordistes, Latreille "}
(Calophama, .RTfe^ j
Cayenne
C. Acuminatus, Olivier.
10. Trigonodactyla, DeJean
Senegal
T. Terminata, Be Jean.
i Miscelus, Klug ]
(. Leptodactyla, Brulle j
Java
M. Javanus, Klug.
For references to the above genera, consult the
works of Laporte, Audouin, and Brulle ; as well
as those of Latreille, Klug, De Jean, Eschscholtz,
and Say.
Sp. 3. 3-pustulata. This insect is described as
being found in Paris, and was originally in the pos-
session of Mons. Tigny; as it is impossible to believe
that any other Odacantha than Melenura is found
in the vicinity of Paris, some other insect must have
been confounded with it ; the only genus that ap-
proaches the form is Anthicus; as no size is men-
tioned, it is impossible to speak with any certainty
respecting 3-pustulata.
105
Drypta, Fabricias.
As the genera of this family will be found in a
former page, it is only necessary to remark on the
second species.
Sp. 2. Cylindricollis Now of the genus Desera
of Leach. It differs chiefly from Drypta in having
the first joint of the antenna? very long, the palpi
are proportionably larger, and the last joint is more
dilated than in the latter genus. The tropical
species are numerous, abounding particularly in the
East Indies, the largest species are from Sierra
Leone.
Elaphrus, Fabricius.
The genera composing this family will be found
under the Linnean Cicindelidse with which they were
at that time arranged. They are intimately allied
to the Pericallidse ; as this sub-family has acci-
dentally been passed by, I now insert it.
PERICALLIDiE, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Catascopus, Kirby
East Indies
C.
Hardwickii, Kirby.
2.
Pericalus, MocLeay
Java
P.
Cicindeloides, M. L.
3.
Dyscolus, De Jean
American Isles
D.
Memnonius, De Jean.
4.
Arsinoe, Laporte
Madagascar
A.
4-guttatus, Laporte.
5.
Promecoptera, D. J.
East Indies
P.
Marginalis, Wiedemun.
6.
Eurydera, Laporte
Madagascar
E.
Armata, Klug.
7.
Thyreopterns, D. J.
Senegal
T.
Flavosignatus, De Jean-
8.
Nycteis, Laporte
Madagascar
N
Madagascarcnsis, Lap.
9.
Eucheila, De Jean
Brazil
E.
Flavilabris, De Jean,
10.
BeleophoriiSj Klug
Madagascar
B.
Cyanipennis, Klug.
106
This family may be considered as a receptacle
for various doubtful forms, uniting the whole of the
Lebiada;. By Catascopus we pass readily to the
Elaphridse.
Fabrician Elaphrid^e.
Sp. 3. Striatus. — Now a Bembidium. By some
authors this species has been considered a Nothio-
philus. — Vid. Schon. page (247- On the authority
of Mr. Stephens, I gave it as a Bembidium.
Sp. 5. Alratus. — Described originally from Hyb-
ner's Cabinet, It is probably an Elaphrus ; the
remaining species are scarcely worthy of a remark.
Scolytus, Fabricius.
Omophron, Latrcille.
As the Fabrician name was originally applied to
a genus of Bostrichidse, that of Latreille is adopted
and is more appropriate. It was intended to ex-
press the agreement of authors respecting the ar-
rangement of these singular insects. They unite
the terrestrial and aquatic Caraboidea. In form
Omophron is like Haliplus ; it lives in the same
element, and walks with facility at the bottom of
rivers, in this respect evincing an affinity to the
10?
Carabidse ; other forms will yet occur connecting it
more closely with the subaquatic Elaphridse. I am
induced to rank them as a family under the name of
Cyclosomid^e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Omophrou, Lat.
2. Cyclosomus, Lat.
3. Metritis, Esch.
France
East Indies
Kamschatka
C Limbatum, Fab.
C. Flexuosus, Fab.
M. Contractus, Esch.
This genus terminates the Carabidae of Fabricius,
as inadvertently I have omitted some families, and
purposely passed over others which may tend to
connect the Caraboidea together, I now insert them
before proceeding to investigate the aquatics.
Oz^ENiDiE, Hope.
When I grouped my Carabidae, after examining
Mons. Audouin's tables of genera belonging to the
Brachinidse, 1 felt convinced that Ozsena and its affi-
nities were decidedly belonging to a distinct family,
with this opinion, I am glad to find another individual
agrees. In Guerin's Magazine will be found the
genera and sub-genera of Ozsena, which are in my
opinion allied to Hclluo in form, and may have the
Brachinating power as well as some of the Cicin-
108
deliclse. Its affinity with true Brachinus still re^
mains to be ascertained. *•
Ozjenid^:, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Ozsena, Olivier
Cayenne
Oz
. Dentipes, Olivier.
2. Ictinus, Laporte
Cayenne
Ic
.Tenebrioides, Laporte.
3. Goniotropis, Gray
Brazils
G.
Brasiliensis, Gray.
4. Pseudozasna, Lap.
Java
P.
Megacephala, Laporte.
. ^ Physea, Brulle
1 Trachelyzus, Solier
Brazils
Brazils
P.
T.
Testudinea, Laporte.
Rufus, Solier.
6. Pacliyteles, Perty
S. America
P.
Striola, Perty.
7. Nomius, Laporte
Asia Minor
N.
Gra?cus, Laporte.
8. Melisodera, TFestf.
N. Holland
M
. Picipennis, Westwood.
C Basoleia, Westwood
£>.< Axinophorus, Gray
(^ Catapiesis, Brulle
Brazils
B.
Brasiliensis, Westivood.
Brazils
C.
Nitida, Brulle.
The genera composing the Brachinidse men-
tioned at page 99 require alteration, as it is too late
now to cancel the press, I consider the first four as
Brachinidse. The remainder, with some others,
form the above Table.
Heteromorphidje, Hope.
This family ranks under its genera some of the
most singular forms to be found in our collections ;
they appear to be allied to the Helluonidse.
109
Heteromorphtd.e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
C Heteromorpha, Kirby
-. * Drepanus, De Jean
' J Axinophorus, Latreille
V. Pseudomorpha, Kirby
2. Silphomorpha, West.
3. Sphallomorpha, West.
4. Adelotopus, Hope
Georgia
N. America
N. Holland
N. Holland
N. Holland
H. Excrucians, Kirby.
D. Lecontei, De Jean.
S. Fallax, TFe.sf?«ood.
Sp. Decipiens, TFesiicood.
A. Gyrinoides, Hope.
The references for some of these genera will be
found in the Linnean Transactions, Vol. 14. page
101 ; and in the Entomological Transactions. Vid.
New Coleoptera, Vol. 1. Those named by Mr.
Westwood will be described in the Fauna Austra-
lasian.
MoRiONiDiE, Hope.
This family appears to unite on one hand the
Scaritidse and Siagonidse, and on the other the
Ditomidse and Thaliadse ; the following genera
belong to the
MoRioNiDiE, Hope.
Genera.
1 . Morio, Latreille
a S Campylocnemis, West.
I Hyperion, Laporte.
3. Hemiteles, Bridle
4. Homaloinorplni, Brulle
Country.
N. America
N. Holland
Madagascar
Cayenne
Typical Species.
M. Monilicornis, Latreille.
Sc. Schrotteri, Schonherr.
H. Interruptus, Brulle.
H. Castanea, Brulle.
110
I am not at all satisfied with this sub-family. The
tables of Audouin and Brulle have been adopted,
with the exception of the genus Catapiesis, which
is apparently an Ozsena. Campylocnemis, in my
opinion, ought to be united with the Trigonoto-
midse, if it is not considered as an intermediate
between Morio and Catadromus. Of the habits
of these insects we are altogether ignorant.
Helluonida:, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Helluo, Bonelli
N. Holland
H. Costatus, Bonelli.
2.
iEnigina, Newman
N. Holland
jEn. Iris, Newman.
3.
Planetes, MacLeay
East Indies
PI. 2-maculatus, MacLeay.
4.
Macrocheilus, Kirby
East Indies
Mac. Bensoni, Kirby.
5.
Omphra, Leach
East Indies
Gal. Hirta, Fabricius.
6.
Pleuracanthus, Gray
Brazils
PL Sulcipennis, Gray.
7.
Helluomorpha, Lap.
Brazils
Hel. Heros, Laporte.
True Helluo belongs to New Holland, the East
Indian sub-genera are allied to it ; there is a pro-
bability that the sexes of some of these genera, when
better known, will lead us to a more accurate
grouping than can at present be done. Helluo-
morpha of the New World will eventually be sub-
divided into several sub-genera. For an account
of the characters of ^Enigma, Vid. Ent. Mag.
fifteenth part, page 449, where the details are
published by Mr. Newman.
Ill
Pogonid/e, Kirby.
Genera.
, i Pogonus, Ziegler.
i Raptor, Megerle
„ i Cardiaderus, D. J.
' \ Daptus, Fischer
3. Melanotus, De Jean
4. Omphreus, De Jean
5. Stenomorplms, D. J
Country.
Englaud
Siberia
Buenos Ayres
Montenegro
Carthiisjena
Typical Species.
P. Burrellii, Haworth*
C. Chloroticus, Gebler.
M. Flavipes, De Jean.
O. Morio, Pareyss.
S. Angustatus, De Jean.
The next family (which was purposely omitted) is
the Trigonotomidse of Laporte ; as no insects men-
tioned by Fabricius can with any certainty be as-
cribed to that family, excepting probably some of
the exotic Psecili, I deferred introducing them till the
present moment. In my remarks on the Thaliadse
(Feroniadse olim), I merely alluded to Myas and
some few genera which have been classed under the
family
Trigonotomidse, Laiporte.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Myas, Ziegler
Hungary
M
Chalybeus, Ziegler.
2.
Lesticus, De Jean
Java
L.
Janthinus, De Haan.
3
Trigonotoma, D. J.
Java
0.
Viridicollis, MacLeay,
4.
Catadromus, M.L.
Java
c.
Tenebrioides, Olivier.
r>.
Euchroa, Brulle
Unknown
E.
Nitidicollis, Brulle.
6.
\ Microcephalia, D.J.
{ Cynthia, Latreille
Brazils
M
Depressicollis, DeJean,
7-
Microcheila, Brulle
Madagascar
M
Picea, Brulle.
8.
Distrigus, De Jean
East Indies
D.
2-pustulatus, Brulle.
9.
Abacetus, De Jean
Senegal
D.
Crenulatus, De Jean,
10.
Drimostoma, Brulle
Cayenne
D.
fuseipes, Bridle.
112
Such are the genera given by M. M. Audouin,
Brulle, and Laporte. As to Myas it is quite out
of place, nor do I know where at present it should
be located. The affinity of Thaliadse with the pre-
sent family is seen at once, by connecting Trigono-
tonia with Poecilus ; the former genus may be re-
garded in the East as representing in those coun-
tries, what Poecilus does in our northern climes.
The two remaining1 genera which have been omitted
are Colpodes and Mormolyce. The former is closely
allied to Anchomenus : for a figure refer to the
Annulosa Javanica. As to the latter my opinion
has formerly been stated in my observations on the
Indian Fauna, published by Dr. Royle ; instead of
placing it with the Sphrodidae, as Latreille has
done, I locate it near Agra. If we take away the
greatly dilated wings, in thorax and in form it re-
sembles that genus ; moreover I believe it to be a
vegetable feeder, and that it lives under bark of
trees, has, I believe, already been ascertained.
In concluding my observations on the Caraboidea
I am willing to allow that the group, as to variety
of form, is one of the most interesting that can en-
gage our attention. In numbers they are inferior
to the Lamellicorns, in elegance they cannot be
compared with the Cicindelidse, and in beauty and
113
splendour they must yield to the rich metallic Bu-
prestidse. If we look to more important ends, viz.
the actual benefit derived from groups of insects, and
then contrast the Caraboidea with the Lamellicorns,
Entomologists, at least, if not others, will allow the
superiority of the latter. As to the grouping of the
families, I by no means consider them satisfactory ;
it has been my endeavour to place before the reader
what has been done, and, as far as the extent of
my private library goes, the modern genera have
been weeded out of many volumes, and incorporated
in this Manual. If some of the various sub-divisions
turn out to be in accordance with nature, my time has
not altogether been thrown away. If others prove
erroneous, and these errors should induce others to
pay attention to isolated groups, and reconstruct
them more accurately, I shall equally also not have
written in vain.
11.5
DYTISCUS, Linneus.
DYTICUS, Geoffroy.
HYDROPHILID^ and DYTICID^E, Leach.
Linnean Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
1.
Piceus
England
Hydrous, Linneus, MSS.
2.
Caraboides
England
Hydropbilus, Auctorum.
3.
Scarabseoides
England
Hydrobius, Leach.
4.
Fuscipes
England
Hydrobius, Leach.
5.
Luridus
England
Berosus, Germar.
6.
Latissimus
Germany
Dyticus, Geoffroy.
7.
Marginalis
England
Dyticus, Geoffroy.
8.
Semistriatus
England
9.
Striatus
England
Colymbetes, Clairville.
10.
Fuscus
England
Colymbetes, Clairville.
11.
Cinereus
England
Grapboderus, Eschscholtz.
12.
Sticticus
Barbary
Eunectes, Erichson.
13.
Sulcatus
England
Acilius, Leach.
14.
Erytbrocepbalus
England
Hydroporus, Clairville.
15.
Maculatus
England
Necticus, Hope.
16.
Ferrugineus
England
Haliplus, Latreille.
17.
Bipustulatus
England
Necticus, Hope.
18.
Ovatus
England
Hypbidrus, Illiger.
19.
Palustris
England
Hydroporus, Clairville.
20.
Uliginosus
England
Necticus, Hope.
21.
Bimaculatus
France
Phaleria, Latreille.
22.
Granulans
England
Hydroporus, Clairville.
23.
Miuutus
England
Laccopbilus, Leach.
1. Natator
2. Americanus
GYR1NUS, Linneus.
England
N. America
Gyrinus, Auctorum.
Cyclous, Eschscholtz.
i 2
116
HYDROPHILUS, Fabricius.
HYDROPHILID^], Leach.
Fabrician Species.
1. Emarginatus
2. Piceus
3. Ater
4. Olivaceus
5. Caraboides
6. Ellipticus
7. Lateralis
8. Abbreviatus
9. Rufipes
10. Scarabseoides
11. Picipes
12. Orbicularis
13. Subrotundus
14. Bicolor
15. Collar is
16. Testaceus
17. Undatus
18. Erythrocephalus
19. Hsemorrhoidalis
20. Marginellus
21. Attenuatus
22. Obscurus
23. Luridus
24. Melanocephalus
25. Griseus
26. Striatulus
27. 2-punctatus
28. Minutus
29. Pygmseus
30. Nigriceps
31. Truncatellus
Country.
England
England
S. America
Coromandel
England
Guinea
S. America
S. America
Sumatra
England
England
Germany
America
England
S. America
England
S. America
Europe ?
Germany
Germany
East Indies
England
England
England
Saxony
Germany
England
England
American Isles
East Indies
Denmark
Genera of Authors.
Spercheus, Fabricius.
Hydrous, Linneus.
Hydropbilus, Fab.
Hydrophilus ?
Tropisternus, Solier.
Hydrous? Linneus.
Hydrophilus, Leach.
Hydrobius, Leach.
Cselostoma, Brulle.
Hydrobius ?
Philhydrus, Solier.
Hydrophilus, Fab.
Hydrobius, Leach 1
Berosus, Leach.
Hydrobius ? Leach.
Cercyon, Leach.
Philhydrus, Solier1.
Hydrobius, Leach.
Cercyon, Leach.
Berosus, Gerniar.
Philhydrus, Solier.
Hydrobius, Leach.
Laccobius, Erichson.
Philhydrus, Solier.
Hydrobius ? Leach.
Hydrobius? Leach.
Limnebius, Leach.
1. Hermanni
2. Gibba
3. Ovalis
4. Scripta
(HYDRACHNA,) Fabricius.
England
England
England
East Indies
Pselobius, Schonherr.
Hyphidrus, Llliger.
Hyphidrus, Llliger.
Hyphidrus, Llliger.
117
DYTISCUS, Fabricius.
DYTICIDiE, Leach.
DYTICOIDEA, Hope.
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
1.
Latissimus
Germany
Dyticus, Geoffroy.
2.
Limbatus
East Indies
Cybister, Curtis.
3.
Marginalis
England
Dyticus, Geoffroy.
4.
Circumflexus
Tangiers
5.
Punctulatus
England
6.
Immarginatus
Senegal
Cybister, Ciwtis.
7.
Rceselii
France
8.
Atratus
Isles of tbe Pacific
Cybister?
9.
Costalis
Surinam
Cybister, Curtis.
10.
Lateralis
Tranquebar
Cybister, Curtis.
11.
Laevigatas .
S. America
12.
Latus
S. America
Cybister ?
13.
Ruficollis
Siam
Hydaticus, Leach.
14.
Sulcatus
England
Acilius, Leach.
15.
Fasciatus
East Indies
Hydaticus, Leach.
16.
Striatus
England
Colymbetes, Clairville.
17.
Fuscus
England
Colymbetes, Clairville.
18.
Lanio
Madeira
Meladema, Laporte.
19.
Cicur
P. B. S.
Colymbetes, Clairville.
20.
Vittatus
East Indies
Graphoderus, Eschscholtz.
21.
Cinereus
Germany
Acilius, Leach.
22.
Zonatus
Germany
Graphoderus, Eschscholtz.
23.
Unifasciatus
Guinea
Eunectes? Erichson.
24.
Sticticus
S. Africa
Eunectes, Erichson.
25.
Griseus
East Indies
26.
10-punctatus
New Holland
Colymbetes, Clairville.
27.
Fuliginosus
Germany
Ilybius, Erichson.
28.
Carbonarius
England
Necticus, Hope.
29.
"Bipustulatus
Holland
Necticus, Hope.
30.
Cinctus
America
Colymbetes ?
31.
2-punctatus
Germany
Necticus, Hope.
32.
Fenestratus
England
Ilybius, Erichson.
33.
Ater
England
Ilybius, Erichson.
34.
JLacustris
Germany
Ilybius, Erichson.
35.
Hybneri
England
Hydaticus, Leach.
118
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
36.
Nitidus
Germany
Necticus 1 Hope.
37.
Stagnalis
England
Hydaticus, Leach.
38.
Transversalis
England
Hydaticus, Leach.
39.
Calidus
S. America
Necticus, Hopel
40.
Abbreviates
England
Necticus, Hope.
41.
Ulliginosus
Germany
Necticus, Hope.
42.
Paludosus
England
Necticus, Hope.
43.
Irrorattis
America
Necticus ?
44.
Agilis
England
Rantus, Boisduval.
45.
Maculatus
England
Necticus, Hope.
46.
Brunneus
Tangiers
Necticus, Hope.
47.
Erytlirocephalus
England
Hydroporus, Clairville.
48.
Varius
Sumatra
Necticus 1 Hope.
49.
Interrogatus
Carolina
Coptotomus, Say.
50.
Notatus
England
Rantus, Boisduval.
51.
Adspersus
England
Rantus, Boisduval.
52.
Hsemorrhoidalis
Germany
Rantus ?
53.
Bicolor
Guinea
Colymbetes ? Clairville.
54.
Posticatus
American Isles
Copelatus, Erichson.
55.
Planus
England
Hydroporus, Clairville.
56.
57.
Depressus
Dorsalis
6-pustulatus
Switzerland
England
58.
England
59.
Palustris
Ovatus
England
60.
Europe
61.
Picipes
Germany
62.
Lituratus
Italy
63.
Signatus
Patagonia
Rantus, Boisduval ?
64.
12-pustulatus
England
Hydroporus, Clairville.
65.
8-pustulatus
Switzerland
Hydroporus ?
66.
Halensis
Germany
Hydroporus, Clairville.
67.
Granulans
England
.
68.
Confluens
England
Hygrotus, Stephens.
69.
Obllquus
Kiel
Haliplus, Latreille.
70.
Fulvus
England
Haliplus, Latreille.
71.
Impressus
Paris
Haliplus, Latreille.
72.
Semi-punctatus
Eui*ope
Noterus, Clairville.
73.
Crux
Italy
Hygrotus, Stephens ?
74.
Arcuatus
Germany
Hygrotus, Stephe?is.
75.
Geminus
Saxony
Hydroporus, Clairville.
76.
Lineattis
Germany
119
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
77.
Insequalis
England
Hygrotus, Stephens.
78.
Minutus
England
Laccophilus, Leach.
79.
Pygmaeus
Denmark
Hydroporus, Clairville.
80.
Reticulatus
England
Hygrotus, Stephens.
81.
Crassicornis
Germany
Noterus, Clairville.
82.
Flavipes
England
Hydroporus, Clairville.
83.
Pictus
Germany
Hygrotus, Stephens.
84.
Nigrita
England
Hydroporus, Clairville.
85.
Pusillus
Italy
Hydroporus, Clairville.
86.
Parvulus
Denmark
Hygrotus, Stephens 1
GYRINUS of Linneus and Fabricius.
GYRINID^, Leach.
1. Natator
2. Bicolor
3. Australis
4. Americanus
5. Micans
6. Premorsus
7. Hastatus
8. Spinosus
9. Striatus
10. Minutus
11. Nitidulus
12. Strigosus
13. Runpes
14. Villosus
England
Switzerland
New Holland
N. America
Guinea
Sierra Leone
American Isles
Coromandel
Barbary
England
East Indies
New Holland
New Holland
Germany
Gyrinus of Authors.
Enhydrus, Laporte.
Euhydrus ?
Dineutes, MacLeay.
Dineutes ?
Dineutes, MacLeay.
Gyrinus of Authors.
Gyrinus ?
Gyrinus, Linneus.
Potamobius, Leach.
ELOPHORUS, Fabricius.
HELOPHORID^l, Leach.
1.
Aquaticus
England
Helophorus of Authors.
2.
Nubilus
Germany
3.
Elongatus
England
Hydrochus, Germar.
4.
Humeralis
Germany
Helophorus ?
5.
Flavipes
Switzerland
Helophorus, of Authors
0.
Crenatus
England
Hydrochus, Germar.
7.
Pygmoeus
England
Ochthebius, Leach.
8.
Minimus
England
Hydrjena, Kugellan.
120
PARNUS, Fabricius.
Fabrician Species.
Country.
Genera of Authors.
1. Prolifecornis
2. Acuminatus
3. Obscurus
England
Saxony
Germany
Parnus, Fabricius.
Potamophilus, Germar.
Parnus, Fabricius.
1. Marginatus
2. Dubius
3. Lsevigatus
HETEROCERUS, Fabricius.
England
Tranquebar
Germany
Heterocerus of Authors.
Heterocerus ?
Heterocerus, of Authors.
SPH^ERIDIUM, Fabricius.
1. Scarabseoides
2. Lunatum
3. 2-pustulatum
4. Marginatum
5. Glabratum
6. Abdominale
7. 5-maculatum
8. Dytiscoides
9. Fascieulare
10. Colon
11. Globus
12. Luteum
13. Obscurum
14. Rufipes
15. Anale
16. Nitidulum
17. Flavum
18. Atomarium
19. Melanocephalum
20. Lugubre
21. Stercoreum
22. Hsemorrhoidale
23. Flavipes
24. Unipunctatum
England
Germany
Denmark
Saxony
Madeira
American Isles
East Indies
St. Helena
England
Sweden
Paris
Sweden
S. America
S. America
S. America
S. America
S. America
England
Europe
Paris
Germany
England
England
England
Sphaeridium of Authors.
Sphferidium ?
Cyclonotum, Frichson.
SphEeridium, Fabricius.
Hydrobius ?
Nosodendron, Latreille.
Strongylus, Herbst.
Agathidium, Illiger.
Campta, Kirby.
Cercyon, Leach 1
Cercyon, Leach.
Cercyon ?
Cercyon, Leach.
121
Fabricicm Species.
|
Country.
Genera of Authors.
25. Limbatum
Germany
Hydrobius, Leach.
26. Ruficolle
Saxony
27. Fimetarium
Europe
Phalacrus, Paykull ?
28. Testaceum
American Isles
Cercyon ?
29. 51neum
Germany
Phalacrus, Paykull.
30. Minutum
England
Cercyon, Leach.
31. Pulicarium
France
Catheretes, Herbst.
32. Wintherise
Unknown
Unknown.
ANISOTOMA, Fabricius.
1. Ferruginea
2. Humeralis
3. Bicolor
4. Nigripennis
5. Seminulum
Denmark
Styria
Saxony
Germany
England
Anisotoma, Fabricius.
Phalacrus, Paykull.
Agathidium, Illiger.
Agathidium.
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS
LINNEAN AQUATIC COLEOPTERA.
Linneus and Fabricius very properly threw
together the Aquatic groups, and certainly did
not in the present instance so outrageously violate
the Natural System, as later writers have sub-
sequently done by their artificial arrangements.
Fabricius, by means of the genus Scolytus, (now
the Omophron of Latreille) passes from the
Caraboidea to the Aquatics, and if we regard the
habits of that genus, and compare the form of it
with Haliplus or even with Paelobius, we shall
with difficulty find another genus, which so satis-
factorily connects the above groups. Other links
might be mentioned, which will be found in the
various opinions recorded by Entomologists, but
the above is sufficient for our purpose, and we
therefore proceed to remark on the two grand
124
divisions into which the Aquatic Beetles may be
divided ; namely, the Hydradephaga of MacLeay,
and the Rypophaga of Stephens. The Gyronecha
of Kirby, comprising under that denomination the
Whirl Beetles, or Waltzing Beetles, (Gyrinidse,
Leach) appear to be altogether a distinct group,
and will be treated as such ; instead of therefore
dilating at present on the Aquatics generally, it
will be better to remark on them separately as they
occur in the respective works of Linneus and
Fabricius, merely premising that out of twenty-
three species published by the former writer, under
the term of Dytiscus, these have been subdivided
by later authors into fifteen genera.
Dytiscus, Linneus.
Sp. 1. Piceus. — Now an Hydrous of Leach,
and of the family of the Hydrophilidse of the same
Author ; the following genera belong to it, viz.
125
Philydrida, MacLeay.
Hydrophilid^e, Leach.
Hydrophiloidea, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Hydrous, Linneus
England
D. Piceus, Linneus.
2.
fHydrocharis, Lat.
\ Hydrophilus of Authors
England
D. Caraboides, Linn.
3.
Philhydrus, Solier
Europe
Hyd. bicolor, Fab.
4.
Hydrobius, Leach
England
Hyd. fuscipes, Linneus.
5.
Tropisternus, Solier
Mexico
Hyd. lateralis, Fab.
6.
Stemolophus, Solier
Egypt
Hyd. Ruflpes, Solier.
7.
Volvulus, Brulle
Mauritius
Hyd. inflatus, Brulle.
8.
Berosus, Leach
England
Dyt. luridus, Linneus.
9
Enoplurus, Hope
East Indies
Ber. Orientalis, Hope-
10
Spercheus, Fabricius
England
Hyd. emarginatus, Fab.
11
Limnebius, Leach
England
Hyd. truncatellus, Fab.
12
i Chsetartliria, Water.
f Cyllidium, Erichson
England
Hyd. Seminulum, Paykull.
1. Hydrous, Linneus.
The species of this genus are much more nume-
rous than Entomologists are aware of, and from the
notes contained in my Journal I find, at least,
seventy species have fallen under my notice ; they
seem to be naturally divisible into three sub-genera,
1st. into true Hydrous, which has the wings
rounded at the apex and spineless. 2nd. Those
species which have the sutural apex of the elytra
more or less spined, to which I give the name of
126
Mesocanthicus, from /necros and clkolvOikos, spinosus,
and the last sub-genus has the apex of the elytra
conspicuously marked by four spines, and is con-
sequently named Tetracanthicus. Three species
in my collection are from Tropical Africa, it will
also probably occur in the warmer parts of Asia.
The two former genera seem widely dispersed
throughout the world, inhabiting both the Old and
New Continent. I possess among my aquatics three
species of Hydrous belonging to Australia. The
above insects weave a sort of coccoon, in which
the ova are deposited ; as to substance it appears to
combine the paper of the Wasp, with the silk of the
Bombyx, when submerged beneath the water for
many hours the coccoon remains nearly unaltered
by the moisture, a secretion produced by the insect
probably resists the action of water upon it.
2. Hydrophilus of Authors.
Sp. 2. Caraboides. — For figures of the Coccoon
and Larvae of Hydrous and Hydrophilus, the
student may consult Rosel's Insect. Belust. Vol. 2.
Tab. 41 ; and also Mr. Westwood's Introduction
to the Modern Classification of Insects, Vid. Part
3. p. 121. fig. 8, &c.
1-27
3. Philhydrus, Solier.
For the generic characters of the above genus,
the reader is referred to M. M. Audouin and Brulle's
Hist. Nat. des Insectes, Vol. 2. p. 276. Syst.
Eleuth. p. 252. and also to Gyllenhall's Insecta
Suecica.
4. Hydrobius, Leach.
For an account of the species peculiar to Eng-
land, the student may consult with advantage the
Illustrations of British Entomology by Mr.
Stephens, as well as the writings of Marsham and
Dr. Leach. By Fabricius, Solier, Audouin and
Brulle, some exotics are also mentioned.
5. Tropisternus, Solier.
The insects belonging to the above genus seem
peculiar to the New World. Vid. Solier Annales
de la Soc. Ent. de France.
6. Sternolophus, Solier.
This form appears, as far as is known at present,
to be peculiar to Africa, occurring in Egypt, Nubia,
and Senegal. Vid. Annales de la Soc. Entom. de
France, t. 3. p. 311.
128
7- Volvulus, Brulle.
I suggest the adoption of a new term, instead of
Volvulus, as Latin generic names ought not to be
adopted. This exotic form is from the Island of
Mauritius, a second species has occurred at
Ceylon.
Vid. Audouin and Brulle, Vol. 2. p. 282.
8. Berosus, Leach.
The species of Berosus are numerous, those
which have the wings at the apex armed with
spines, I have detached under the name of Eno-
plurus. For references consult the works of
Messrs. Stephens and Curtis, and the Annulosa
Javanica, by Mr. MacLeay, page 35.
9. Enoplurus, Hope.
In my collection there are several species which
have the extremity of the wings armed with spines,
they seem to be widely spread, occurring in Africa,
Asia, and Europe. One species was discovered by
Mr. Rudd at Lymington in Hampshire, and is
probably the same as Berosus spinosus of Ahrens.
\m
10. Spercheus, Fabricius.
M. M. Audouin and Brulle place this genus
along with the Helophoridse. I am, however, still
inclined to rank it with the Hydrophilidse ; and of
this opinion Mr. MacLeay appears to be, as well
as Mr. Stephens. By the former writer a second
species, named Sp. platycephalus, is described from
Java, it seems however to deviate from the type ;
a third has fallen under my inspection from Sierra,
Leone. Since writing the above, Mr. Westwood,
I find, considers this genus as the connecting link
between the Hydrophilidse and Helophoridae, Vid.
part 3, page 122, of the Introduction to the Modern
Classification of Insects, for further observations
on these singularly formed aquatics.
11. Limnebius, Leach.
This genus was established by Dr. Leach to in-
clude several minute Hydrophilidse ; they approach
in form and habits some of the Hydrobii as well
as the Helophoridse. There are nine species re-
corded by Mr. Stephens in his Illustrations of
British Entomologr.
K
130
12. Ch^etarthria, Waterhouse.
Hydrophilus Seminulum of Paykull is the type
of this genus, which was first separated from Hy-
drobius by the above writer ; Erichson, in the
Kafer den Mark Brandenburg, has given the generic
name of Cyllidium to the same species ; the latter
name of course falls. Vid. page 211 of the last
quoted work for the generic details, &c. &c.
LINNEAN AQUATICS— continued
Sp. 6. Latissimus. — Now a Dyticus, and the type
of the genus. The following families, according to
my views, belong to the Dyticoidea, viz. Haliplidae,
Dyticidee, and Gyrinidse ; the genera belonging to
the family of Dyticidse are as follows :
131
Dyticid^e, Leach.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Dyticus, Linneus
France
D. Latissimus, Linneus,
2. Leionotus, Kirby
England
D. Conformis, Stephens.
f Cybister, Curtis
3.?Trogus, Leach
(Trochalus, Eschscholtz
4. Hyderodes, Hope
England
Roeselii, Fabricius.
New Holland
Hyd. Shuckardii, Hope.
5. Acilius, Leach
England
Dyt. sulcatus, Linneus.
„ f Eunectes, Erichson
o.i
I Nogrus, Eschscholtz
East Indies
Dyt. griseus, Fabricius. '
7. Graphoderus, Esch.
France
D. Cinereus. Linneus.
8. Hydaticus, Leach
England
Hybneri, Fabricius.
9. Agabus, Leach
England
D. Serricornis, Paykull.
10. Ilybius, Erichson
France
D. Ater, Fabricius.
11. Meladema, Laporte
Gallia Merid.
D. Coriacea, Hoffmanseag.
12. Rantus, Eschscholtz
England
D. Pulverosus, Knock.
13. Liopterus, EscMcholtz
England
D. Oblongus, Illiger.
14. Colymbetes, Clairville
England
D. Striatus, Linneus.
15. Necticus, Hope
England
D. Bipustulatus, Liniwus.
16. Copelatus, Erichson
Brazils
D. Postica.tus, Fabricius.
To the above sixteen genera, others might be
added on investigating the tropical species, which
have been comparatively neglected. The genus
Thermonectus of Eschscholtz seems peculiar to the
New World, as the characters are unpublished,
and the type of the genus is only a manuscript
name, I consequently pass it over. The remarks
on the above genera will appear under the different
names as they occur in the Fabrician Tables.
k 2
132
LINNEAN SPECIES— continued:
Sp. 16. Ferrugineus. — Now an Haliplus, and one
of the genera composing the family of
Haliplid^e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Haliplus, Latrielle
England
Dyt. elevatus, Panzer.
2.
Cnenridotus, Erichson
Austria
Dyt. Csesus, Dnftschmid.
3.
i Paelobius, Schon.
England
Dyt. Hermanni, Linneus.
{Hygrobia, Clairville
Hyphidrus, Illiger
4.
England
Dyt. Ovatus, Linneus.
5.
Hygrotus, Stephens
England
Hyd. Fluviatilis, Leach.
6.
Hydroporus, Clairville
France
Dyt. 12-pustulatus, Fab.
7.
Noterus, Clairville
Switzerland
Dyt. Crassicornis, Fab.
8.
Laccophilus, Leach
England
Dyt. Minutus, Linneus.
9.
Hydroporomorpha, Bab.
Rio Janeiro
H. parallelus, Babington.
10.
Anodocheilus, Bab.
Rio Janeiro
A. Maeulatus, Babington.
11.
Desmopachrius, Bab.
Rio Janeiro
D. Nitidus, Babington.
The three last genera will appear in the Ento-
mological Transactions of London. The types are
deposited in the collection of that Society by the
liberality of Mr. Charles Darwin of Shrewsbury.
In a paper read before the Entomological Society
of London (now on the eve of publication), the de-
tails will be given at length by Mr. Babington of
Cambridge.
133
Sp. 18. Ovatus.- — Now of the genus Hyphidrus
of Illiger ; the species are few in number, not more
than ten appearing in our European Cabinets ;
hitherto I believe it has not been found in the New
World, it may however be expected to occur there ;
its geographical range extends over Europe and
Asia, and some of the African isles. I am not
aware of any known species having been obtained
from the African Continent.
Sp. 21. Bimaculatus. — This insect, I find, on refe-
rence to the Linnean Cabinet, is only a variety of
Phaleria Cadaverina.
Gyrinus, Linneus.
As only two species are recorded in the Systema
Naturae of Linneus. I shall defer my remarks on
the genera and species till we come to the Fabrician
Gyrinidee.
REMARKS
FABRICIAN AQUATICS.
Hydrophilus, Fabricius.
HydrophilDvE, Leach.
Hydrophiloidea, Hope.
Sp. I. Emarginatus. — Now of the genus Sper-
cheus Fab. For the Table of Genera belonging
to the Hydrophilidse refer to a former page, at the
commencement of the Linnean Aquatics, the genus
Spercheus, by M. M. Auclouin and Brulle, is
considered as belonging properly to the Helopho-
ridse. I retain it, however, among the Hydrophilidae,
as I never found it out of water, and have my
doubts if it can exist long out of that element,
which is no uncommon case with some of the spe-
cies of Helophoridae. Mr. Westwood is of opinion
that it may be considered as a connecting link of
the two families.
Sp. 4. Caraboides. — Now an Hydrophilus of
Authors. By some writers the term Hydrocharus
is applied to it. If we retain Hydrous as ?
135
generic name for the larger species of the Hydro-
philidss, it is better not to abandon the Fabrician
name of Hydrophilus. The grand difference be-
tween Hydrous and Hydrophilus is the prosternum,
which in the former is produced, in the latter it is
not so. With respect to the species named Cara-
boides, it is not unusual to meet with it in a crippled
state. I possess in my collection a remarkable
monstrosity, and have occasionally seen others ;
when recently captured they smell like Spanish
liquorice.
Sp. 5. Ellipticus. — As I am unacquainted with
this species, I give it as an Hydrophilus with a
doubt, as it is compared by Fabricius with Cara-
boides.
Sp. 7« Abbreviatus. — Evidently not a Tropister-
nus, as the sternum is abbreviated.
Sp. 8. Rujipes. — This species has a very wide
range of country, extending nearly over the Conti-
nent of Asia.
Sp. 11. Orbicularis. — Now a Colostoma of Brulle,
and one of the Sphseridiidse. Occasionally this
species of Hydrobius has been confounded with
Cercyon, most of which have the elytra striated ;
the above is an exception to the general rule.
Sp, 12. Subrotundus.— Originally described from
136
the collection of Dr. Pflug, from America ; I give
it as an Hydrobius. I can add no information of
what became of the above collection.
Sp. 13. Bicolor. — Now a Philhydrus of Solier.
For the characters of the genus refer to the Hist.
Nat. des Insectes par Audouin et Brulle, vid. vol. 2.
p. 276.
Sp. 17. Erythrocephalus. — Described originally
from Lund's Cabinet ; no locality is given, although
it is most likely to be an European species of the
genus Hydrobius. Erichson thinks it is only a
dark variety of Hydrobius griseus, vide p. 211.
Die K'afer der Mark Brandenburg.
Sp. 18. Ucsmorrhoidalis. — Now a Cercyon of
Dr. Leach. Mr. Stephens has described in his Illus-
trations of British Entomology sixty-one species ;
the Baron De Jean mentions in his last Catalogue
but twenty, including exotics of the Old and New
World. This may be taken as an example that the
Entomologists of England are not behind their
Continental neighbours in research or assiduity.
Sp. 27. Minutus. — Now an Hydrobius, and pro-
bably only a variety of Hyd. bipunctatus.
Sp. 30. Truncatellus, — Now a Limnebius of
Leach. Apparently the Chrysomela minuta Linn,
described in the Fauna Suecica, is a Limnebius.
137
Mr. Stephens thinks the Limniidse ought to rank
as a family. The British species are ten in num-
ber, and seem widely spread throughout Europe.
Monsieur Brulle mentions their occurrence also in
Asia Minor.
Dyticus, Fabricws,
Dyticid^e, Leach.
Dyticoidea, Hope.
Sp. 1. Latissimus. — The type of the genus Dyticus.
Linneus in his Systema Naturae, including under
one head the Dyticidse and Hydrophilidse, records
only twenty-three species, whereas, at present, in
true Dyticus alone, we have nearly the same num-
ber. The genus, according to the Baron De Jean's
Catalogue, appears to be confined to the northern
regions of the Old and New World ; it occurs
however in Africa, and on the confines of Asia,
and may be expected to occur in the Himalaya
generally.
Sp. 2. Limhatus. — Now a Cy bister of Curtis.
Dr. Leach gave the name of Trogus to these species
of Aquatic Beetles, a name which had previously
been applied to some of the Hymenoptera. (Vid.
Panz. Krit. Rev. 2. 80.) it is therefore abandoned.
Dr. Eschscholtz has since applied to it that of Tro-
138
chalus. Of the two latter authors, the claim of
priority is with Mr. Curtis, and his name should
be retained, as that of Dr. Leach cannot be sus-
tained. The species of Cybister are more numerous
than those of true Dyticus ; they are generally
robust, and are the most powerful insects of the
Aquatic Adephaga ; the destruction they cause
among the tropical fishes, as described to me by
Indian travellers, is wonderful ; they are reported
to destroy ten times the quantity they can possibly
consume, and may justly be considered amongst
the most ravenous of insects.
Sp. 3. Marginalis. — Of this species of Dyticus
I have seen three remarkable monstrosities ; the
first was deprived of its anterior tibiae and tarsi,
and had only the rudiments of legs ; a second spe-
cimen had three anterior right legs. The third mon-
strosity, is an Hermaphrodite, which I captured at
Netley in Shropshire ; it has lately been figured
by Mr. Westwood, and will probably be published
in a future number of the Entomological Transac-
tions.
Sp. 8. Atratus. — Probably a Cybister. It was
captured by Billiardiere, at some of the islands of
the Pacific Ocean.
Sp. 9- Costalis. — This species is sometimes dread-
139
fully afflicted wih Acariasis. A specimen formerly
in my possession, was covered with hundreds of an
Acarus unknown to me.
Sp. 13. Huficollis. — From the specimen in the
Banksian Collection, I am inclined to consider this
species an Hydaticus. Luconicus of Dr. Esch-
scholtz is closely allied to it, if not the self-same
species.
Sp. 16. Stiiatus. — The typical species of Colym-
betes, according to Clairville. The name of Cyma-
topterus has been given to it by Dr. Eschscholtz ;
the former should be retained on the ground of
priority.
Sp. 18. Lanio. — Now of the genus Meladema
Laporte. For the generic characters, consult les
Etudes Entomologiques, Liv. 2. p. 98. Dr. Esch-
scholtz has used the term of Scutopterus for the
same sub-genus.
Sp. 19- Cicur. — This species was erroneously
introduced into our British Fauna by an optician
who received collections from the Cape of Good
Hope. As it closely resembles Col. striatus, it
probably may have been taken for an English
insect.
Sp. 20. Vittatus. — Now a Graphoderus of Esch-
scholtz. For the generic characters, vide Die
140
Kafer der Mark Brandenburg, by Erichson, vol. 1.
page 142. The genus Hydaticus, has very pro-
perly been divided into three sections.
Sp. 25. Griseus. — Type of the genus Eunectes of
Erichson, which has also been named Nogrus by
Eschscholtz.
Sp. 26. 10-punctatus. — Still a Colymbetes. I have
lately received five other species from New Holland,
which will appear in my forthcoming Fauna Aus-
tralasise.
Sp. 29. Bipustulatus. — Now the type of my genus
Necticus, from vtjktikos natabilis qui natare potest.
I have here been compelled to change Erichson's
generic name, as I consider Striatus the true type
of Colymbetes, and Serricornis that of Agabus of
Leach. As both these terms are previously used,
it may prevent further confusion by adopting ano-
ther name. It appears also that the Baron De
Jean and Erichson apply their respective generic
names to the same species. It may here be added,
that Necticus still requires further sub-division — till
we are better acquainted, however, with the sexes
of several of them, the above name is attached to
those species which are allied to Dyt. 2-pustulatus
Lin. and Dyt. Carbonarius Fab.
Sp. 30. Cinctus. — I give this as a Colymbetes,
141
with a doubt, being unable to obtain any informa-
tion concerning it. Fabricius described it from
Manduit's Collection ; as to what became of that
collection, I am equally ignorant.
Sp. 30. Ater. — Now an Ilybius of Erichson, and
the type of the genus, all the species belonging to it
are remarkable for their convexity.
Sp. 36. Nitidus. — A Necticus mihi, and is pro-
bably the same insect met with in German collec-
tions, under the name of Col. Nitens, which I
regard only as a dark variety of Col. Sturmii.
Sp. 48. Varius. — Probably a Necticus of Hope.
Mr. MacLeay informs us in the Annulosa Javanica,
that Fabricius in his Ent. Syst., described an insect
which he found in the Banksian Cabinet under the
name of D. varius. With it, he afterwards con-
founded a Sumatran species which he saw in Dal-
dorff's Collection, and then he altered the original
specific character to suit the new insect. The name
Varius, therefore, Mr. MacLeay has changed to
that of Fabricii.
Sp. 49- Interrogatus. — Now of the genus Copto-
tomus of Say. The characters will be found in
Say's description of new species of North American
Insects, page 29, and also in vol. 2. of the Hist.
Nat. des Insectes par Audouin and Brulle, p. 211.
142
Sp. 52. H&morrhoidalis. — Probably a Rantus of
Eschscholtz. This opinion seems confirmed by
Erich son, who regards the above species only as a
variety of Rantus agilis.
Sp. 53. Bicolor. — I am inclined to regard this
insect as a species of Colymbetes : it was originally
described from Isert's Cabinet. Its locality is
Guinea,
Sp. 54. Posticatus. — Now of the genus Copelatus
of Erichson. These insects have the elytra deeply
striated, which at once marks the character of the
above genus. The major part of the species are
peculiar to the New World ; some, however, are
from the Old Continent, inhabiting Asia as well as
Africa.
Sp. 61. Bicvpes. — Evidently a typographical error,
it should have been printed Picipes.
Sp. 63. Signatus. — This insect is closely allied to
Dyticus agilis of Fabricius, which is now a Rantus
of Eschscholtz.
Sp. 65. 8-pustulatus. — Schonherr in his Synony-
mia Insectorum, places this insect under his doubt-
ful species. From the description of Fabricius, I
regard it as an Hydroporus.
Sp. 68. Confiuens. — Now an Hygrotus of Stephens.
Vide Illustrations of Entomology for the generic
143
details. The type of the genus is HytL flaviatilis
Leach.
Sp. 72. Semipunctatus. — Now a Noterus of Clair-
ville. Erichson regards Noterus sparsus of Marsh am
as the same insect ; the locality of the East Indies,
therefore, is changed to Europe.
Sp. 74. Arcuatus. — This species is only a variety
of Hygrotus pictus.
Sp. 79. Pygmceus. — According to Erichson this
insect is only a variety of Hyd. lineatus. Vid.
Kafer Brand, page 79.
Sp. 85. Pusillus. — This insect is evidently only a
variety of Hydroporus geminus.
Sp. 86. Parvulus. — Now an Hygrotus of Stephens,
which, according to Erichson, is only a variety of
Dyt. insequalis, Fab.
Gyrinid^e, Leach.
Gyronecha, Kirby.
Gyrinoidea, Hope.
Most Entomologists consider that Gyrinus is
closely allied to Dyticus, and yet it is difficult satis-
factorily to point out the connecting link between
them. Mr. W. Sharpe MacLeay, in his Annulosa
Javanica, without attempting to sub-divide the
Hydradephaga into its several families, gives us
144
only two, which are the Gyrinidse and Dyticidse.
Mr. Kirby, also in the Fauna Boreali Americana,
adopts this twofold arrangement, and applies to
them the terms of Eunecha and Gyronecha. Dif-
fering from such high authorities, I am inclined to
consider the Gyrinidse as a totally distinct group
which I name Gyrinoidea. It may be regarded
as an intermediate family, connecting as it does,
according to my views, the Dyticoidea and Hydro-
philoidea. The larva of true Gyrinus in appearance
resembles a Scolopendra. It is carnivorous, and is
therefore allied to Dyticus ; the connection with
the Hydrophilidse, however, is not so apparent.
I think it is not improbable that the larvse of
Dineutus MacLeay, will eventually be found to
approach in form the larvse of the spine-winged
species of Hydrous. In the metallic splendour
of some of the individuals of both genera, in the
armature of the wings, in the partially carnivorous
habits of Hydrous, and the silkiness of the coccoons,
the Gyrinidse will be found evidently more allied to
the Hydrophilidse, than the Dyticidse. At present, I
believe, among the genera composing the latter
family, not a single species has yet been found
which has spined wings, should such occur, it
will most probably be the connecting link so much
145
desired. The passage from the Hydradephaga to
the Philhydrida has been pointed out by Mr.
Stephens, by means of the sub-aquatic families of
Heterocerus and Parnus. Would it not be a more
natural arrangement to keep together all the true
Aquatics, as Linneus did at first, and then pass to
the terrestrial groups, by families which may justly
be considered amphibious in their habits? At present
we are imperfectly acquainted with these groups,
and know little of their larvse, and until that period
arrives, the natural distribution of these families
must still remain in doubt and confusion. The
following table is an outline of the genera compos-
ing the Gyrinidse.
Gyrinus, Linneus.
Gyrinidje, Leach.
Gyrinoidea, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Gyrinus, Linneus
England
G. Natator, Linn.
2.<
f Enhydrus, Laporte
I Cyclinus, Kirby
(.Cyclous, Eschscholtz
N. America
G. Australis, Fab.
3.
Porrorhynchus, Lap.
Java
P. Marginatus, Laporte.
4.
Dineutes, MacLeay
East Indies
D. Politus, MacLeay.
5.
C Gyretes, Brulle
\ Cybister, Esch.
East Indies
G. iEneus, Brulle.
6.
j Potamobius, Leach
England
Pot. Modeerii, Marsham*
[ Orectocbeilus, Mul.
England
G. Villosus, Fab.
146
Sp. I. Natator. — The type of the Linnean Gyri-
nus. For the anatomy of these singular insects,
the reader should consult Dufour's Memoire in the
Annales Scien. Natur. 1824. A reference also to
Mr. Westwood's new publication, the Modern
Classification of Insects, part 2. p. 105, will afford
a list of authors who have written on this group,
and to them may be added the Fauna Boreali
Americana, by Mr. Kirby, wherein some new spe-
cies will be found described.
Sp. 2. Bicolor. — The species named by Fabricius
is certainly not the same as G. Bicolor Olivier, as
the latter is a variety of Gyr. Minutus, while
Elongatus of Marsham is a synonym of the former.
Sp. 6. Premorsus. — Probably a Dineutus of Mac-
Leay. The locality given in the Eleutheratorum is
Sierra Leone. Is it not singular, that under the
above name, Gyrinus Indus, should be found quoted
as a synonym ? (Vid. Ent. Syst. Supp. 65. 5.)
There is evidently some mistake respecting the
country. The species of this genus belong to sou-
thern and tropical countries, never being found in
northern climes as far as is known at present.
Sp. 10. Minutus. — Still a Gyrinus. Mr. Kirby,
in his Fauna Boreali Americana, tells us that a
single specimen was taken in the northern expedi-
147
tion by Dr. Richardson, in latitude 65°. I have
received it from Algiers, and have it noted down
in my Journal as occurring also in Egypt.
Sp. 12. Strigosus. — Probably a Gyrinus. The
Baron De Jean, in his Catalogue of 1 837, gives
this species as a variety of G. Striatus Fab. The
locality of the latter is Europe, of the former New
Holland ; there is, therefore, evidently some error.
Sp. 14. Villosus. — Now a Potamobius of Leach.
Most of the Gyrini, when recently captured, emit
a very disagreeable odour ; this species is scentless ;
it moreover differs from all others in being a soli-
tary insect, while the rest are social or gregarious.
It is reported to be a nocturnal insect, which may
probably account for its comparative scarceness.
Remarks.
Linneus only mentions two species of the family,
Fabricius fourteen, De Jean sixty- seven, in my
own cabinet there are twenty nondescripts ; the
number, therefore, in the different European col-
lections, may be reckoned at about one hundred
species, and this will eventually be considerably
increased as we become acquainted with the extra
European species, which at present are in propol-
is 2
148
tion of ten to one, and from what is already known,
we may conclude that their metropolis is in the
tropical regions.
Elophorus, Fabricius.
Helophoridje, MacLeay.
Helophoridea, Leach.
Mr. Westwood, in his late work, makes Spercheus
the connecting link between the Helophoridse and
Hydrophilidse. In its form and structure of the
legs it certainly accords with the former ; in habits,
however, I regard it as an Hydrophilus, and cer-
tainly it is more of an aquatic than any of the genera
composing the
Helophoridse.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1.
Helophorus, Leach
England
Silp. Aquatiea, Linneus.
2.
Hydrochus, Germar
France
Elop. elongatus, Fab.
3.
Enicocerus, Stephens
England
Eni. Viridiaeneus, Stephens.
4.
Ochtbebius, Leach
England
El. Pygmseus, Fab.
5.
Amphibolus, Water.
England
Am. Atricapillus, Water.
6.
Hydrsena, Kugellan
England
El. minimus, Fab.
7.
Empleurus, Hope
England
El. Nubilus, Fab.
149
1. Helophorus, Leach.
Fabricius originally constituted this genus, giving
it the name of Elophorus. Dr. Leach very pro-
perly changed it to Helophorus ; there are about
twelve known species, the major part of them inha-
biting Europe. As they are minute insects, they
have generally been neglected, few being recorded
as inhabiting either Asia or Africa, and none, I
believe, as belonging to the New World.
Hydrochus, Germar.
A genus peculiarly attached to northern climes.
It occurs in the north of Europe and America, and
does not extend, I believe, more southward than
Spain -y a great proportion of the species of the
remaining four genera appear more abundant in
the northern than southern states of Europe.
Species of Helophorus, Leach.
Sp. 1. Aquaticus. — As two species have been
confounded under the same name, the former takes
the name of Grandis, the latter that of Aquaticus.
Sp. 2. JSfubilus. — -The type of my genus Empleu-
150
rus ; Elophorus may properly be divided into two
sub -genera : tbose with striate elytra, and those
which have the wings deeply sulcated or porcate.
Nubilus is often found at the roots and stalks of
cabbages ; the water held in the leaves of the plants
being quite sufficient to saturate the ground around
and satisfy the insects. I have watched the same
insects for eight or nine weeks at the same plant,
and never knew their numbers during that time in-
creased or diminished. It should be remarked that
no water was within a hundred yards, and the nearest
was a well many feet beneath the surface of the earth.
To this genus belong also El. fennicus Gyll. and pro-
bably sulcatus of Dahl and Costatus of Schonherr.
Sp. 4. Mumeralis. — This insect is not mentioned
by any modern writers. I give it as an Helophorus,
with a doubt.
Sp. 5. Flavipes. — This insect is the same as the
Bup. granulans Linn. The Fabrician name of
flavipes must therefore be abandoned.
Sp. 6. Crenatus. — Mr. Stephens gives this insect
as an Hydrochus. Mr. Erichson, however, having
examined the Fabrician Cabinet, declares it to be
Latridius porcatus.
151
Parnus, Fabricius.
Parnld^:, MacLeay.
Parnidea, Leach.
This family is composed of but three genera,
viz. Parnus, Dryops, and Potamophilus.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Parnus, Fab.
2. Dryops, Leach
f Potamophilus, Germar
\ Hydera, Latreille]
England
France
Germany
P. Prolifecornis, Fab.
P. Dumerilii, Lat.
P. Acuminatus, Fab.
Parnus,
Fa
b.
There are six, if not seven, British species in our
Metropolitan Cabinets : the genus is common to
the Old and New World. Lacordaire informs us
of several South American species. It occurs also
in the United States, as well as in the West Indian
Isles.
Dryops, Leach.
This genus will be found characterized in the third
volume of Dr. Leach's Miscellany. Dry. Hard-
wickii appears the type of another genus. The re-
maining genus Potamophilus has eleven joints in the
152
antennae : it is peculiar to Europe. The Baron
De Jean has mentioned one in his Catalogue, under
the name of Orientalis, which is most likely a
Dry ops of Leach. Mr. MacLeay remarks in the
Annulosa Javanica, that Potamophilus leads off to
Ochthebius and the Helophoridae. Omitting any
observations on the species, I pass to the family of
(Heterocerus, Bosc.)
Heterocerid^:, MacLeay.
From the family of Parnus, the approach to the
Heteroceridae is by Mr, Stephens' family Limniidse ;
indeed, it cannot be denied that the Parnidae and
Heteroceridae are intimately connected ; till, how-
ever, we are better acquainted with some of these
minor groups, it is mere idle speculation attempting
to connect genera, when we have scarcely any mat-
ter before us to support even conjecture. There
are seven known British species ; the true Hetero-
ceri appear to belong to the northern regions of the
Old and New World ; Het. Dubius is an exception ;
it is an East Indian species described by Fabricius,
and probably is the type of a sub-genus. As we
have but slightly alluded to the genera composing
the Limniidee, I add the table before proceeding to
other groups,
153
Limniid^, Stephens.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
-, f Georyssus, Lat.
'f Cathammistes, Illiger
2. Elmis, Latreille
{ Stenelmis, Dufour
\ Limneus, Stephens
England
Sweden
England
France
Pirn. Pygmsea, Fab.
E. mangetii, Latreille.
El.Parallelepipedus,J/?i(7er.
Sph^ridium, Fab.
SpHiERiDiiD^E, Leach.
The transition from the Hydrophilidse to this
family by the genus Chsetarthria is easy, and should
another connecting link be required, we may pass
by means of those species of Cercyon which are sub-
aquatic in their habits. The insects of this group
abound in animal stercor and putrescent vegetable
matter. They occur in the Old and New Continents,
the major part of them preferring northern regions.
In tropical climates they are considered very useful
auxiliaries to the Coprophagus lamellicorns, mate-
rially conducing to purify the air by feeding on
putrescence, and thereby preventing miasma. I
know of no species more abundant in individuals
than Sp. Scarabaeoides. At Aldboro' on the Suffolk
coast, at the departure of the tide, I have repeatedly
154
seen them among the rejectamenta maris in count-
less numbers.
Sph.eridiid.e, Hope.
Genera.
Country.
Typical Species.
1. Spheeridium, Fabricius
2. Cercyon, Leach
( Cyclonotum, Erichson
t Cselostoma, Brulle
4. Trichopoda, Brulle
Europe
England
England
S.
S.
C
T.
Scarabseoides, Fabricius.
Quisquilius, Linneus.
Orbiculare, Fabricius.
Madagascar
Cassidseformis, Brulle.
Sph^ridium.
Sp. 6. Abdominale. — Now a Cyclonotum of Erich-
son. The Baron De Jean, in his last Catalogue,
gives the above generic name ; the characters of the
genus will be found in the Hist. Nat. des Insectes,
par Audouin & Brulle ; the latter writers make
use of the term Cselostoma, which has previously
been used by Mr. MacLeay, and must therefore be
abandoned.
Sp. 13 to 18. — All these insects are mentioned
by Fabricius as inhabiting South America. They
were originally described from the cabinets of
Sehestedt and Lund, now forming part of the
Copenhagen collection, from which quarter we still
hope for further information respecting them, as
well as many other imperfectly known species.
155
Sp. 18. Atomanum. — An error of the press ; read
A tomarium.
Sp. 25. Limbatum. — ■ Now an Hydrobius, and
probably the same species as Hyd. globulus of
Paykull.
Sp. 28 & 29. — Both these species are described
from the Cabinet of Dom. Smidt ; the former is
probably a Cercyon of Dr. Leach, the latter pro-
bably a Phalacrus.
Sp. 32. Wintherioe. — No locality is given by
Fabricius to this species ; it is described from
Lund's Cabinet, and so concisely that it is impos-
sible to form an idea to what genus it ought to be
applied.
Anisotomid^:, Stephens.
Agathidiid^e, Westwood.
Fabricius in his Eleutheratorum very properly
placed his genus Anisotoma next to Sphaeridium.
Mr. Stephens in his Illustrations passes from the
Sphseridiidae by Tritoma ; the latter genus has
been formed into a distinct family by Mr. Curtis.
I am inclined at present, however, to follow the
arrangement of Mr. Stephens, as it appears to me
more natural. These groups evidently require a
more thorough investigation. The chief cause of
156
the confusion has originated in consequence of
Entomologists attending too rigidly to the tarsal
system : a better classification can only be satisfac-
torily attempted when the larvse of the different
genera are more accurately known.
AnisotomidyE, Stephens.
Genera.
Count?*i/.
Typical Species.
1.
Tritoma, Fabricius
Europe
T. Bipustulatum, Fabricius.
2.
Alexia, Stephens
England
T. Pilifera, Mull.
3.
Fhalacrus, Paykull
Sweden
Ph. Coruscus, Paykull.
4
5.
Epliisternus, Westwood.
\ Anisotoma, Fabricius
X Leiodes, Latreille
England
Denmark
Der. Gyrinoides, Marsham.
Anis. ferruginea, Fab.
G.
{ Agathidium, Illiger
X Volvoxis, Kugellan
c Clambus, Fischer
X Ptilium, Schuppell
England
Silpha seminulum, Linn.
7.
Sweden
Der. Armadillo, De Geer.
8.
9.
{ Corylophus, Leach
X Clypeastev, Anderson
Oi'thoperus, Stephens
( England
England
Der. Cassidoides, Marsh.
Der. Punctum, Marsh.
10.
Serieoderus, Stejihens
England
Scap. dubium, Marsh.
Anisotoma, Fabricius.
Sp. 1 . Ferruginea.— I retain the Fabrician name
of Anisotoma in the place of Leiodes ; and instead
of changing the family name to Agathidiidse, as
Mr. Westwood has done, I prefer that of Anisoto-
midee. True Anisotoma seems attached to northern
regions ; it occurs in the New as well as in the
157
Old World. I am not aware of its appearance in
Africa ; some few East Indian species have fallen
under my notice, they deviate however from the
typical species.
Sp. 3. Bicolor. — Now a Phalacrus of Paykull.
Of the known European and extra European spe-
cies, the numbers are nearly equal ; they are met
with in North America and its adjacent isles, and
in Africa, the island of Mauritius, and most likely
in various parts of Asia ; although I cannot state
any recorded species from the latter locality.
Sp. 4 & 5. — Belong at present to Illiger's genus
Agathidium. All the known species appear to in-
habit Europe.
158
DESCRIPTIONS
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES.
1. Manticora, Fabr.
Sp. Latipennis, Waterhouse. — Inhabits Kurre-
chan in Africa. Long. lin. 211. lat. lin. 10.
Atra, elytris subcordatis, latis, scabris.
Upon comparing M. Latipennis with Maxillosa
the following differences may be observed. In
the former the head is larger, exceeding that of the
latter nearly one line in length, and about half a
line in breadth. It is also more sparingly punc-
tured on the upper parts, and so is likewise the
thorax. The elytra are much broader (having
the proportion of ten to eight), less convex, the
lateral margins are more distinctly recurved, and
the minute pointed tubercles (which are observed
on the elytra of both species) are not quite so dis-
tinct, nor do they extend so far inwards as in
M. maxillosa. The disc of the elytra is smooth,
rather glossy, and has a pitchy hue. Vid. Mag. of
Nat. Hist, new series, vol. i. 1837. The only re-
159
mark I have to make on the above species, is to
change the name of M. Latipennis to that of
Waterhouse, who first made us acquainted with the
insect. It is one of the grandest discoveries of
late years, and may justly be placed at the head
of the Cicindeloidea. This magnificent insect was
captured by the African traveller, Dr. Smith, at
Kurrechan, and presented by him to the Zoological
Societv.
2. Apteroessa, Hope.
Type of the Genus, Cicindela Grossa, Fab.
Corpus magnum, apterum, Antennae sicut in
Cicindela. Mandibular cultriformes margine in-
terno dente lato striato basali, duobus proximis
minutis, altero robustiore.
Palpi maxillares longitudine labialibus sequales
lmo minimo, 2d0 quadruplo longiori, 3ti0 sequente
minori, extimo oblongo-ovato apice truncato.
Mentum lobis duobus interne acute productis
dente acuto in medio emarginaturae.
Labrum breve, medio in spinam parvam producto
dentibus duobus utrinq. armatis, angulis lateralibus
acutis.
Thorax capite latior, latitudini elytrorum fere
sequalis.
160
Corpus grossum apterum elytris convexis et
acuminatis. Pedes fere aequales. «.
This genus differs from Dromica, particularly
in its. general form. The mandibles of Dromica
also have the first two teeth very prominent, and
considerably more robust than in Eurymorpha j
the next two teeth are nearly of the same propor-
tion, differing again from Eurymorpha, which has
the third tooth more developed than the first two.
The Fabrician locality of Coromandel is correct.
3. Eurymorpha, Hope.
Corpus apterum metallicum nitidum elytris valde
dilatatis. Caput ante oculus contractum postice
dilatatum et thoracis latitudinem vix superans.
Mandibulce capite longiores acutissimse dente
basali majori latiori — 2do minuto, duobus aliis
majoribus gequalibus. Palpi maxillares labialibus
haud Eequales. Mentum bilobum dente in medio
emarginaturse acuto. Labrum breve angulis anti-
cis rotundatis dentibus ternis minutis centralibus
armatum.
Type of the genus, Eur. Cyanipes, Hope.
Eur. viridis, subnitidus, capite thoraceque albido-
pilosis, elytris immaculatis, labro pedibusque cyaneis.
161
Long. corp. lin. 7* Eat. Elytr. lin. 3i.
Caput obscure-viride, sericeo-punctulatum pilis
longis obsitum. Labrum nitide cyaneum. Mandi-
bulaenigrae. Antennae articulis basalibus albo-pilosis
Palpi viridi-nigri albo pilosi. Thorax transversus,
lateribus parallelis angulis posticis truncatis, sericeo-
punctulatus, albo pilosus. Pedes eyanei albo pi-
losi. Elytra viridia subnitida, dilatata, submar-
ginata, ad humeros impressa sub lente punctis
minutissimis distantibus, serieque punctorum ma-
jorum in lineam, versus suturam, ornatis.
The locality of this insect is unknown ; I suspect
that originally it was brought from Madagascar,
It is now deposited in the collection of the Zoolo-
gical Society.
k OXYCHEILA BlSIGNATA, Gufoill.
Subviolacea elytris macula magna rubra in medio
elytrorum ornatis. Caput violaceum oculis tes-
taceis. Thorax bilobus. Elytra (macula insequali
rubra ad suturam, at ad margines haud extensa,)
parallela ad apicem, rotundata et nigro-violacea.
Corpus subtus nigrum pedibus concoloribus. Ha-
bitat in agro Surinamensi.
M
162
It is probable that this species may be the Oxy.
binotata of Laporte. He seems to have considered
his O. binotata the same as that described by Gray
in Griffith's Animal Kingdom, which is certainly
distinct. Mons. Guerin has cleared up the syno-
nymy of the species in the Dictionn. Pittoresq.
d'Hist. Nat. torn. 6. p. 572, and has proposed for
Mons. Laporte's species the name employed above.
5. Calochroa, Hope.
Co Crucigera. Long lin. 10^, lat. lin. S\.
Nigro-violacea elytris tribus fasciis, duobus
primis interruptis tertia apicali, Caput lsete viola-
ceum inter oculos rugosostriatum. Mandibular
nigrae ad basin flavescentes. Palpi maxillares nigri.
Thorax rugosus atroviolaceus. Elytra fere glabra
sub lente punctata, cruce aurantia interrupta in
medio disco elytrorum notata, apicibus concoloribus.
Corpus infra purpureo-atrum, pedibus violaceis.
Habitat in India Orientali, Madras.
This superb insect was brought to England from
the Nilgherry Mountains ; it is allied to C. Princeps
of Vigors, and Lepida of Gory ; there are two
other species in my collection from the same
163
locality, which I name Erichsoni and Lichtenstenii,
in honour of Zoologists well appreciated in England
for their devotion to science. Short Latin cha-
racters of the sub-genus, will be found at p. 19,
under the name of Calochroa.
6. Pachymorpha Orientalis, Hope.
Long. lin. 14 J, Lat. lin. elyt. 5.
Affinis 6 guttatee Fab. Aptera, atra, thorace, 2-
maculato subdepresso, elytris parum convexis
depressiusculis, quatuor albis rotundatis maculis
notata.
Habitat circa Poonah in India Orientali.
It may be remarked that this species seems pecu-
liar to the western side of India, in the vicinity of
Bombay. One specimen from the Himalaya, I
received from Dr. Royle. Pach. 6-guttata Fab. is a
gigantic insect, and is in every way a more robust
species ; the elytra are very convex, the markings
on the wings are also considerably larger.
7- Plochionus Bonsfilii.
As I am unacquainted with a satisfactory figure
of Plochionus, I have thought fit to delineate it
164
anew with its anatomical details ; for the descrip-
tion of species, vid. Syst. Eleuth. Fab. under C.
Fallens.
In the Banksian Cabinet this insect is labelled
as Carabus pallens. Vid. also Schon. Synonym in
loc.
8. Platysma striatulus, Fab.
This insect, which is apparently unknown to
Continental writers, I have thought worthy of
figuring. For the description of the species, Vid.
Sys. Eleuth. p. 179. sp. 48.
The locality of the species is Patagonia ; some
other allied species have been brought to this
country from the same regions by Mr. Charles
Darwin, of Shrewsbury.
9. Catascopus Whithillii.
Long lin. 8J, lat. lin. 2|.
Corpus supra purpureum nitidum subtus nigro
violaceum. Frons subcaniculatus. Elytra pur-
purea sulcata, interstitiis fortissime punctatis.
Pedes femoribus violaceis, tibiis tarsisq. piceis et
tomentosis,
165
Obs. This magnificent insect is named in honour
of Col. Whithill, who brought it with him from
Darpouillie, along with other undescribed species
of the same genus.
10. Grasped ophorus,* Hope.
Type of the genus, Cychrus reflexus, Fab.
Caput utrinque impressum. Thorax rotundatus
antice et postice truncatus, depressus, subconcavus
lateralibus marginibus latis reflexis.
Elytra striato-punctata octo striis in singulo,
apicibus sinuatis.
This species deviates from the true Panagsei,
which have the thorax invariably convex. One
species from New Holland seems to unite the two
genera. For a description of the species consult
Fab. Eleut. page 166. n. 3. Its true locality is
Coromandel and not Europe. I possess in my
cabinet another species of Panagseus, named re-
flexus by Fabricius, which was originally in Lee's
collection. For the latter I propose the name of
Fabricii, instead of reflexus.
* From tcpaairedov and 0optw.
166
11. Macrocheilus, Kirby.
Type of the genus, M. Bensoni.
Long. lin. 6. lat. lin. %\.
Ater, caput nigrum, fronte aurantio, antennae $
articulis longioribus apice dilatatis. Thorax cor-
diformis. Elytra abbreviata sulcata pubescentia,
quatuor maculis signata, pedibus rubropiceis.
Inhabits Madras.
The above insect was originally described from
Mr. Kirby 's Cabinet ; in his MSS. he has given it
the name of Macrocheilus Bensoni, which I retain.
In form it appears intermediate between Planetes of
MacLeay, and Omphra of Leach ; the type of the
former is PL Bimaculatus MacLeay, of the latter,
Galerita hirta Fab.
12. Hyderodes, Hope.
Type of the genus, Hyd. Shuckardi, Hope.
Corpus breve ovatum thorace postice fere ely-
trorum latitudine. Palpi breves, labiales maxil-
larium fere longitudine. Elytra feminse simplicia.
Pedes 2 simplices ; antici haud ciliati ($ ?) Tarsi
antici masculi articulis tribus basalibus in palmam
167
rotundatam dilatatis, subtus vesiculis perpaucis in-
structam ; intermedii articulis tribus basalibus in
palmam oblongo-ovalem formatis. Tarsi postici
5 subtus haud ciliati ; aliter mari similes : ungui-
bus duobus (in utroque sexu similibus) instruct!.
Long corp. lin. 9- Lat. lin. 5.
Niger, nitidus, antennis tibiis tarsisque piceis,
thoracis marginibus lateralibus rufo-piceis. thorace
linea punctorum impressorum ad marginem anti-
cum, punctisque nonnullis lineam parvam obliquam
utrinque versus marginem posticum formantibus ;
elytris subtiliter punctulatis, margine laterali li-
neisque tribus longitudinalibus punctatis. Habitat
in Nova Hollandia.
The above insect is named in honour of Mr.
Shuckhard, the author of a valuable publication on
the indigenous Fossorial Hymenoptera of Great
Britain.
13. Glob aria, Latreille.
The typical species of this genus is Globaria
Leachii of Latreille. As it has not been previously
figured, it is here added with its anatomical details.
The Globaria nitida of Guerin is not congenerous,
or else is very incorrectly figured. The genus
168
Volvulus is identical with Globaria. Its typical
species V. inflatus is longer in proportion. The
locality of G. Leachii is the East Indies, while the
latter is from the Mauritius. The names of Vol-
vulus and Globaria ought to he changed, in their
place I suggest the adoption of Spheroides, from the
Greek acfxxLpoeiSr)? sphserse similis.
FINIS.
O. NORMAN, PRINTER, MAIDEN LANE, CO VENT GARDEN.
CohMan.-T^.E-TabJ.
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Col.Jfan.TM'.Tab. 3.
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